Most Read

Published in last 1 year |  In last 2 years |  In last 3 years |  All Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select Research Progress on Green and Sustainable Management Technologies for Spodoptera frugiperda WEI Lei, NIE Ying, LI Yongjun Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 207-219.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.004 Abstract （565）      PDF（pc） （530KB）（4250）       Knowledge map    Save The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major worldwide disastrous pest. Since its invasion into China in 2019, the implementation of emergency chemical control measures yielded positive outcomes. However, the occurrence of S. frugiperda in China has now become common and year-round, necessitating a long-term approach for its management. Throughout the history of global pest control, reliance on chemical agents has invariably led to the development of pest resistance. Incidences of pesticide resistance in S. frugiperda have been reported in certain regions of China. Therefore, to mitigate the adverse effects of chemical pesticides and the risk of pesticide resistance, China's management strategies must transition towards green, efficient, precise, and sustainable approaches. On the basis of the regional control strategy and unified management strategy, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has advocated a management framework emphasizing biological control as the focal point, ecological and agricultural control as the foundation, and chemical control as the last resort. This article elaborates on recent technological advancements both domestically and internationally in biological control, ecological and agricultural control methods, with an emphasis on biological control. Additionally, it proposes future research directions and ideas to overcome existing challenges, aiming to provide guidance for the development of green management technologies in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Screening of Bacillus velezensis HMB28023 for Controlling Grape Gray Mold and Identification of Its Antifungal Active Compounds ZHANG Xiaoyun, WANG Xuemei, CONG Rong, CHEN Xiuye, LU Xiuyun, LI Shezeng, GUO Qinggang, MA Ping Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 122-131.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.005 Abstract （478）      PDF（pc） （1041KB）（977）       Knowledge map    Save Grape gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea which significantly reduces the yield and quality of grape, but there is a lack of safe and effective microbial fungicides for its control. In this study, the antagonistic activity of 27 bacteria with high antagonistic activity against B. cinerea derived from tomato, was determined by the confrontation culture method. It was found that the inhibition zone and inhibition rate of the same bacterial strain against B. cinerea derived from tomato and grape exhibited variable changes. A bacterial strain HMB28023, was further obtained based on detached leaves method, potting test and field test, which field control efficacy on grape gray mold reached 74.3%. Strain HMB28023 was identified as Bacillus velezensis through morphological characteristics, 16S rDNA as well as phylogenetic tree constructed by using multiple gene sequences of gyrA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoC. The results of detached leaves test indicated that the fermentation broth, cell free supernatant and bacterial suspension of strain HMB28023 all exhibited high biocontrol efficacy against grape gray mold, reaching 81.9%, 75.1% and 64.8%, respectively. The lipopeptide produced by strain HMB28023 was isolated through fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and identified by UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the lipopeptide comprised iturin A (C14—C15), fengycin (fengycin A (C14—C17) and fengycin B (C16—C17)), and surfactin (C12—C16). Both iturin A and fengycin showed strong inhibitory activities against the growth of B. cinerea, and also caused abnormal hyphal growth in vitro. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Screening of Endophytic Fungi of Andrographis paniculata Resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum Infecting Peanuts and Study of Their Inhibitory Components HUANG Jin, HU Jinwen, DING Mei, YANG Fan, LUO Wenrong, DU Qin Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (2): 396-410.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.028 Abstract （422）      PDF（pc） （5856KB）（1945）       Knowledge map    Save To identify potential biocontrol strains against peanut bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, we screened endophytic fungi of Andrographis paniculata leaves using the Oxford cup inhibition method. A strain with strong inhibitory activity against R. solanacearum was isolated and identified as Colletotrichum sp. CXL-11 based on morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. We further investigated its antibacterial mechanism through co-culture experiments and analyzed the antifungal components in its fermentation extract using LC-MS metabolomics. The bioactivity of selected metabolites against R. solanacearum was also validated. The results showed that the fermentation extract of CXL-11 produced an inhibition zone of 19.08 mm against R. solanacearum, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.625 mg/mL. The extract disrupted the membrane integrity of R. solanacearum, causing surface shrinkage and deformation of bacterial cells, and induced oxidative stress through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the primary antifungal components were polyketides and coumarins, including isogentisin, bergapten, scopoletin, scopolin, and esculetin, all of which exhibited inhibitory effects against R. solanacearum. The biosynthesis pathway of cofactors was identified as a key mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of CXL-11. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. CXL-11 demonstrates significant potential as a biocontrol agent for peanut bacterial wilt. This study provides theoretical support for the development of natural antimicrobial agents and highlights the promising application of CXL-11 in sustainable disease management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Control Effect of Wuyiencin and Cyprodinil on Botrytis cinerea ZHANG Xiaocui, XU Chunli, ZHOU Qianying, LIAO Yutong, SHI Liming, GE Beibei Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 156-164.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.004 Abstract （382）      PDF（pc） （2563KB）（683）       Knowledge map    Save Biological pesticides have been demonstrated to be both safe and highly effective. The combination of these biopesticides with chemical pesticides allow for a reduction in the application dosage of chemicals while simultaneously increasing control efficacy. In this study, the synergistic combination of wuyiencin and cyprodinil was screened out. The effects on mycelial growth and conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea under optimal combination conditions were determined. Additionally, the efficacy of this combination in controlling Botrytis cinerea on detached leaves of grape was evaluated. The results showed that the synergistic effect was the most significant when the ratio of wuyiencin to cyprodinil was 9:1, and the toxocity ratio was 1.678. The combination caused hyphae expanded irregularly and grew abnormally, significantly inhibited mycelial growth, and impeded conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea. The control efficacy on detached grape leaves and fruits was 75.19% and 66.67%, respectively, exhibiting a significant increase of 16.53%－27.06% and 19.05%－30.16% compared to the single treatment. This study provides a theoretical basis for the enhanced control efficacy of Botrytis cinerea through the combination of wuyiencin and cyprodinil. It also offers technical guidance for the environmentally friendly and efficient management strategies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Screening and Effect of Compatible Bactericides Funqicides Combinated Bacillus velezensis FX1 on Pear Fire Blight LI Xingchen, WANG Qian, SHENG Qiang, WANG Yifan, LUO Ming Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (2): 384-395.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.030 Abstract （364）      PDF（pc） （526KB）（778）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the control efficacy of pear fire blight and reduce the use of chemical bactericides, this study aimed to screen for synergistic combinations and optimal mixing ratios between the biocontrol strain Bacillus velezensis FX1 and compatible chemical bactericides. The biocompatibility of FX1 fermentation broth with seven tested bactericides was evaluated using plate colony counting and turbidimetry assays, while the synergistic effects of the combinations were determined by the Horsfall method. The control efficacy of the mixtures was further assessed through experiments on detached flowers of Pyrus sinkiangensis and potted P. betulifolia seedlings. Results showed that FX1 strain had poor compatibility with 5% zhongshengmycin WP, 20% thiazide copper SC, 20% thiazole zinc SC, 3% benziothiazolinone WDG, and 46% copper hydroxide WDG, moderate compatibility with 40% Kasugamycin thiazole zinc SC,and the best compatibility with 2% Kasugamycin AS. At low concentrations and recommended field application concentrations, the inhibition rate of 2%Kasugamycin AS on B. velezensis FX1 was less than 14%, and the endospore germination rate remained above 83% after 30 days of mixing culture. The in vitro toxicity of a mixture of FX1 fermentation broth and 2% Kasugamycin AS against Erwinia amylovora was determined by co-culturing, and the optimal compounding ratio was determined using the Horsfall method. The combination of FX1 fermentation broth and 2%Kasugamycin AS at a volume ratio of 6∶ 4, 5∶ 5 and 4∶ 6 inhibited the growth of E. amylovora by more than 70%, with a synergic ratio value (IR) greater than 1.7, exhibiting a significant synergistic effect. The control efficacy of these mixtures was evaluated using detached flowers of Pyrus sinkiangensis and potted P. betulifolia seedlings. Through spraying the combination of FX1 broth (1×106 cfu/mL) and 2% kasugamycin AS (2000 μg/mL) with volume ratios of 6∶ 4 and 5∶ 5, it was determined that the protective efficacy of over 85% against blossom blight on detached P. sinkiangensis flowers after 3 days treatments, while both protective and therapeutic efficacy reached over 80% on P. betulifolia seedlings after 7 days, and maintaining above 71% after 10 and 14 days. These results were significantly higher than that of single agent treatments or other combination treatments. Based on all the above results, and the principle of reducing chemical bactericides usage, the optimal mixing ratio of FX1 fermentation broth and 2% Kasugamycin AS was determined to be 6∶ 4. Notably, the combination of B. velezensis FX1 and 2% Kasugamycin AS not only decreases chemical usage， but also significantly enhances control efficacy for pear fire blight. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Investigation and Identification of Parasitic Natural Enemy Tachinid Resources of Gynaephora qinghaiensis RUAN Xiaoyu, WANG Shasha, LAI Youpeng Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (2): 269-275.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.006 Abstract （362）      PDF（pc） （453KB）（801）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the species and parasitic morphology of the parasitic natural enemy insect-parasitoid flies of the grassland caterpillars, three species of parasitoid flies hatched from the grassland caterpillar were identified in this study by morphological classification and molecular sequencing: Gymnophryxe inconspicua (Villeneuve, 1924), Exorista laruarum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chetogena gynmephorae Chao et Shi, 1987. Among them, the dominant species of parasitic natural enemies of grassland caterpillars in this area are Gymnophryxe inconspicua and Exonista laruarum. Through the survey and statistics of the parasitism rate of natural enemies in grassland caterpillars, the parasitism rate of parasitoids in grassland caterpillars was found to be increasing and then decreasing, and the parasitoid flies mainly parasitized the 6th and 7th instar larvae of grassland caterpillars from July to August. In this experiment, indoor dissection revealed that a single prairie caterpillar hosted from 2 to 5 parasitoid larvae. The purpose of this study is to lay a foundation for the biological control technology of grassland caterpillars, and also to provide a theoretical basis for the parasitism mode, parasitism period and parasitism state of parasitic natural enemy insects, which is of great significance for the protection of the ecological environment of grassland in alpine rangeland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Predation Abilities of Mite Anystis baccarum on Spider Mites Tetranychus turkestani and Tetranychus urticae LI Mengdie, TANG Yang, LI Kun, WANG Jiahua, LI Yisong Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 15-23.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.001 Abstract （357）      PDF（pc） （422KB）（691）       Knowledge map    Save Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov et Nikolski) and Tetranychus urticae (Koch) are the main pests of cotton. Anystis baccarum (Linnaeus) is an important predatory natural enemy of agricultural and forestry pests and mites. In order to clarify the predatory effect and biological control potential of A. baccarum on T. turkestani and T. urticae, the predatory selectivity and functional response of A. baccarum to each stage of the two spider mites and the interference effect of the density of A. baccarum on its predation were determined under laboratory conditions. The results showed that A. baccarum preferred the juvenile and nymph of T. turkestani and T. urticae, with selection coefficients Q of 1.87, 1.04 and 1.79, 1.12, respectively. The functional responses of A. baccarum to T. turkestani and T. urticae fitted well with Holling II type, and the predatory ability of A. baccarum to T. turkestani and T. urticae juveniles was the strongest, with a/Th of 18.751 and 25.391, respectively. The predatory ability on nymphs was the second, with a/Th of 9.182 and 10.919, respectively. The a/Th on T. urticae juveniles and nymphs were higher by 35.4% and 18.9% than those on T. turkestani, respectively. The 1/Th (43.478, 27.029) on T. urticae juveniles and nymphs were higher by 21.7% and 18.9% than those on T. turkestani (35.718, 22.727), respectively. A comprehensive comparison of the a/Th and 1/Th on the two spider mites showed that the predatory ability of A. baccarum on T. urticae was stronger than that of T. urkestani. There was strong self-interference response and competition when A. baccarum preyed on the two spider mites, and the intraspecific interference was greater when T. turkestani was the prey. In summary, A. baccarum has good predatory ability on T. turkestani and T. urticae and is a potential biological control agent worthy of propagation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Bacterial Strain FCR-Y1 against Wheat Crown Rot and Its Effect on Disease Control and Growth Promotion ZHU Wenting, ZHANG Mengning, ZHAO Peiyi, WANG Ziming, SHI Yan, SUN Bingjian, CHEN Linlin, LI Honglian Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (2): 373-383.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.027 Abstract （355）      PDF（pc） （3702KB）（1001）       Knowledge map    Save Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, is recognized as one of the most destructive wheat diseases in China. Isolating and screening antagonistic bacteria from wheat rhizosphere soil for FCR control represents an environmentally friendly green strategy for disease management. In this study, an antagonistic bacterium, designated FCR-Y1, that efficiently inhibited F. pseudograminearum was isolated from wheat rhizosphere soil by the plate dilution method and confrontation test. The strain FCR-Y1 was identified as Bacillus based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrA gene sequences placed FCR-Y1 in the same clade as Bacillus subtilis, leading to its identification as B. subtilis. The strain FCR-Y1 also exhibited inhibitory effects against several other plant pathogenic fungi. Indoor pot-culture experiments revealed that FCR-Y1 achieved both preventive and therapeutic efficacy exceeding 60% against FCR, Additionally, the bacterial suspension of FCR-Y1 effectively inhibited the germination of F. pseudograminearum conidia, and the water-soluble extracts of its fermentation filtrate contained abundant antimicrobial components. These findings suggest that B. subtilis FCR-Y1, isolated from wheat rhizosphere soil, holds promising application potential in the prevention and control of FCR. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research Progress on Biological Control of Root Rot Disease in Root- and Rhizome-Derived Traditional Chinese Medicines XIAO Ouli, WANG Jiale, CHEN Jieyin, DAI Xiaofeng, KONG Zhiqiang Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (3): 511-519.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.037 Abstract （348）      PDF（pc） （976KB）（1410）       Knowledge map    Save With the scarcity of wild medicinal plant resources and the increase in market demand, conventionally cultivated medicinal plants have become the dominant source in the market. However, due to soil degradation, imbalance in the rhizosphere microbial community, and the accumulation of allelopathic and autotoxic substances, root rot has emerged as a major disease in the cultivation of root- and rhizome-derived traditional Chinese medicines (RR-TCMs) in single, intensive, large-scale cultivation. It has a high incidence rate and is difficult to control, severely affecting the yield and quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Currently, the application of microbial biocontrol agents in the control of diseases and pests of medicinal plants offers promising prospects for the sustainable development of TCMs. This paper presents a review of the antagonistic microorganisms and biological control mechanisms of root rot disease in RR-TCMs, aiming to provide a reference for the control of root rot. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Exogenous Salicylic Acid Regulates Root Metabolism in Panax notoginseng and Influences the Incidence of Root Rot Disease CHEN Shengqian, WANG Zhengping, SHI Yuyu, SHANG Zhaoyi, ZHU Shusheng, YANG Min Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 177-185.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.011 Abstract （337）      PDF（pc） （593KB）（1139）       Knowledge map    Save The study investigated the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) on root metabolism of Panax notoginseng, explored how differentially expressed metabolites influenced the growth of the main root rot pathogens of P. notoginseng, aiming to provide novel ideas for the ecological prevention and control of P. notoginseng root rot. Different concentrations of SA were sprayed on the leaves of P. notoginseng under continuous cropping conditions to screen the optimal SA concentration for reducing root rot disease. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was then used to analyze the changes in metabolites in the fibrous roots of P. notoginseng at the optimal SA concentration, and the effects of significantly changed metabolites on the growth of P. notoginseng root rot pathogens were further studied. The results showed that compared with the control, exogenous application of 280.00 μg/mL SA could significantly increase the seedling survival rate of P. notoginseng in continuous cropping soil, and significantly promote the growth of root length and biomass. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the metabolites in the fibrous roots of P. notoginseng mainly included nine types of substances, such as organic acids, amino acids and their derivatives, sugars and their derivatives. After exogenous application of SA, the sugar metabolism and fatty acid metabolism of P. notoginseng roots changed significantly, and the contents of D-(+)-trehalose and linoleic acid decreased significantly. Further studies showed that these two significantly down-regulated metabolites could significantly promote the growth of the main root rot fungi within a certain concentration range. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the ecological prevention and control of P. notoginseng root rot. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effects of High Temperature on Two Species of Ladybugs and Their Control of Myzus persicae on Pepper in Greenhouse WU Xinglong, ZHANG Jingrong, SONG Zhanfeng, LIU Yushan, YONG Yanping, LI Sihan, YAN Zhenpeng, YANG Minglu, PU Deqiang Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 7-14.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.012 Abstract （334）      PDF（pc） （430KB）（629）       Knowledge map    Save Aphids are important pests of greenhouse vegetables, and chemical pesticides are widely used to control them. Release of ladybugs for the control of Myzus persicae can reduce the use of chemical pesticides, but high temperatures in the greenhouse may backfire the ladybugs performance. In this study, the survival rate and fecundity of two species ladybugs exposed to high temperature treatment were measured together with their control of M. persicae on pepper plants in greenhouses. The results showed that Coccinella septempunctata was able to reproduce normally at a variable temperature of 25℃ /37℃, but failed to reproduce at a constant temperature of 37 ℃, whereas Hippodamia variegata was able to reproduce normally at both a constant temperature of 37 ℃ and a variable temperature of 25℃ /37℃ . The occurrence of M. persicae on pepper plants increased since the beginning of June, peaked in late July, and then gradually decreased. The results of field experiments showed: eggs of C. septempunctata pretreated at variable temperature of 25/37 ℃ hatched at 46.8% in contrast to 88.3% at 25 ℃, which afforded a 88.5% control of M. persicae on pepper plants in contrast to 69.0% at 25 ℃ at 30 days post release of the eggs. Eggs of H. Variegata pretreated at variable temperature of 25℃ /37℃ and constant temperature of 37 ℃ hatched at 85.3% and 43.03%, respectively, in contrast to 79.1% at 25 ℃, which afforded 97.8% and 77.6% control of M. persicae on pepper plants, respectively, in contrast to 96.9% at 25 ℃ at 30 days post release of the eggs. This study shows that both species of ladybugs have to ability to adapt to and reproduce at high temperature of 37 ℃, and can be used in the control of M. persicae on pepper plants in greenhouses, although H. Variegata is a better choice than C. septempunctata. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effect of Variable Temperature and Rapid Cold Hardening on Growth and Development of Trichopria drosophilae ZHANG Qinyuan, LIU Xuxiang, CHEN Jun, WU Yuhong, XU Weijie, FAN Qingwen, YANG Yongbang, CHEN Shi, JI Qinge Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (2): 251-259.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.015 Abstract （314）      PDF（pc） （390KB）（481）       Knowledge map    Save Trichopria drosophilae is an important parasitoid in pupal stage of Drosophila suzukii. After parasitizing D. suzukii, T. drosophilae develops in host pupae, so as to realize the control of D. suzukii. As a practical storage and treatment method for natural enemies, low temperature plays an important role in extending the shelf life of natural enemies. Using emergence rate and sex ratio as indexes, the effects of variable temperature and rapid cold hardening on cold storage of T. drosophilae were studied. The results of variable temperature test showed that there was no significant difference in emergence rate of T. drosophilae between treatment and control group (76.64%) after storage with T5 at 4th instar larvae stage for 10 (72.62%) and 15 days (65.99%). Under the same temperature, the emergence rate of 4th instar larval T. drosophilae decreased with the extension of storage time. Under the same torage time, the emergence rate of 4th instar larval T. drosophilae was significantly higher than that under constant temperature treatment. There was no difference in sex ratio of emerging adults after the same variable temperature treatment and different storage time. The rapid cold hardening experiment showed that there was no significant difference in the emergence rate of 4th instar larval and 1 day old pupal T. drosophilae after cold hardening. At 10 and 15 days of storage, the sex ratio of 4th instar larval T. drosophilae with rapid cold hardening was significantly higher than that of the control and direct cold storage. At the same storage temperature, the sex ratio of 4th instar larval and 1 day old pupal T. drosophilae emerged after rapid cold hardening did not change significantly with the extension of storage time. The results of this study can provide a reference for low temperature storage and rapid cold hardening before low temperature storage, and provide an important basis for extending the shelf life of natural enemy insects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Morphological Differences in Embryonic and Post-embryonic Development between Male and Female of Encarsia lutea WU Shengyong, NING Xiaoxue, MAN Xiaoming, LIU Wanxue, YANG Nianwan Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (2): 464-472.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.03.004 Abstract （303）      PDF（pc） （2283KB）（282）       Knowledge map    Save To deepen our comprehension of the individual growth and development of both male and female Encarsia lutea Masi, and to contribute to the foundational biological knowledge of the Encarsia genus, we employed a tracking and recording method. Continuous observations were made on the embryonic development, post-embryonic development process, and morphological changes of both male and female. The findings reveal that during the embryonic development process, both female and male embryos undergo similar stages, encompassing nuclear division (1 ― 8 h), blastoderm formation (9 ― 12 h), germ layer formation (13 ― 23 h), gradual development of organs and systems (24―94 h), appearance of the embryonic membrane (69―84 h), and completion of internal embryonic development (85 ― 96 h). Both female and male wasps of E. lutea as endoparasitoids, and their morphological distinctions are not significant. Consequently, in the post-embryonic development process, morphological descriptions before pupation are based on females. Following oviposition, females develop into first-instar larvae in approximately 4 days. The first-instar larval period lasts about 1 day, the second-instar larval period is about 1 day, the third-instar larval period is about 2 days, and the prepupal period lasts about 1 day. The pupal period for both female and male lasts for 5―8 days. Average measurements at each developmental stage reveal that the developmental parameters (body length, body width, head length, head width) of females are larger than those of males, although the differences are not statistically significant. The results above indicate that there are no significant morphological differences in the embryonic development between female and male E. lutea wasps. Additionally, the morphological differences in the pre-pupal stage of post-embryonic development are not pronounced, but during the pupal and adult stages, females are larger than males, allowing for differentiation based on morphological characteristics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Inhibitory Effect of Dual Yeast Combination on Penicillium expansum and Patulin in Postharvest Apples LIN Nan, CONG Longmei, HU Junyue, ZHANG Qian, SHI Junfeng, DU Jingting Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (2): 362-372.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.018 Abstract （298）      PDF（pc） （552KB）（865）       Knowledge map    Save Postharvest blue mold, a major contributor to apple fruit decay and economic losses during storage, poses significant challenges to the fruit industry. This study investigated the synergistic effects of combining Metschnikowia zizyphicola (MZ) and Meyerozyma caribbica (MC) at a 1:1 ratio for disease suppression. The mixed yeast consortium demonstrated markedly enhanced antifungal activity compared to individual strains. In vitro co-cultivation assays revealed that the cell biomass of the mixed culture after 72 h was 59.52-fold and 16.99-fold higher than that of MZ and MC alone, respectively. Furthermore, the consortium exhibited superior colonization capacity on apple wounds, with viable cell counts 7.03-fold and 3.55-fold greater than single-strain treatments after 5 days of inoculation. Mechanistic analysis indicated that the mixed yeast enhanced apple resistance to blue mold by activating phenylpropanoid metabolism-related enzymes (e.g., PPO, POD, PAL) and elevating the accumulation of key defense metabolites, including lignin, total phenols, and flavonoids. Notably, both yeast strains exhibited potent patulin (PAT) degradation capabilities. The consortium achieved complete degradation of 10 μg/mL PAT within 24 h and demonstrated a PAT degradation rate of 70.19% in apple wounds after 8 days, surpassing individual treatments by 15.98% and 11.89%. PAT degradation was primarily attributed to intracellular enzymatic activity, which was significantly amplified by PAT induction. This study highlights the synergistic potential of yeast combinations in postharvest disease management and mycotoxin detoxification, offering a promising biocontrol strategy for sustainable fruit preservation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Optimization of Fermentation for Iturin High Production of Bacillus velezensis Jt84 ZHANG Rongsheng, HUANG Ruyu, QIAO Junqing, YU Junjie, QI Zhongqiang, DU Yan, YU Mina, SONG Tianqiao, CAO Huijuan, PAN Xiayan, LIU Youzhou, LIU Yongfeng Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 80-90.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.007 Abstract （293）      PDF（pc） （3184KB）（756）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus velezensis strain Jt84 demonstrates remarkable control efficacy against rice false smut and blasts. Previous studies have established that iturin produced by Jt84 strain is the primary bioactive compound inhibiting rice fungal pathogens' growth and spore germination. To further augment the production of the antifungal agent iturin, this study investigated the early fermentation phase of B. velezensis Jt84 by supplementing exogenous precursors, precisely various amino acids required for iturin biosynthesis. Utilizing a Plackett-Burman single-factor experimental design, we identified three principal precursor amino acids that significantly influence iturin yield: glutamic acid (Glu), serine (Ser), and glutamine (Gln). Subsequent optimization via response surface methodology revealed the optimal concentrations for these essential precursors to be Glu at 0.08 g/L, Gln at 0.17 g/L, and Ser at 0.19 g/L, with additional amino acids present at concentrations of asparagine (Asn) at 0.06 g/L, proline (Pro) at 0.06 g/L, and tyrosine (Tyr) at 0.006 g/L. Under these optimized conditions, the fermentation broth achieved a bacterial content of 3.83×109 cfu/mL and the iturin yield was 0.242 g/L, representing a 26.04% increase in iturin production compared to pre-optimization levels. Furthermore, the plate inhibition assay indicated that the inhibition width against Ustilaginoidea virens increased by 23.66% compared to the initial culture medium. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Advance in Push-Pull Strategy for Control of the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri LIN Wenhan, WANG Jing, ZHOU Yutong, SANG Wen, QIU Baoli Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 220-230.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.002 Abstract （290）      PDF（pc） （488KB）（2384）       Knowledge map    Save Citrus is one of the important economic crops in the world. With the expansion of production scale, pest control has become a bottleneck restricting its development. Diaphorina citri is the most serious worldwide pest among numerous insects that harm citrus. Its adults and nymphs can not only directly stab and damage rutaceae plants such as citrus and lemon, but also transmit citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) as the only natural vector. The ‘Push-pull strategy’, with the advantages of economy, convenience, high-efficiency and green, is crucial in the ecological regulation and management of pests. Popularizing the ‘push-pull’ strategy could contribute to controlling the citrus psyllid and promoting the green development of the citrus industry. This review summarized the current progress from components of push and pull. It is expected that the development trends of push-pull strategy will provide theoretical reference for the economical, convenient and effective control of citrus psyllid and accelerate the healthy and sustainable development of citrus industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Isolation and Identification of Bacillus subtilis ZF517 and Its Control Effect on Potato Common Scab WEI Xinchen, LIU Yi, YANG Ruwei, DUAN Guangrong, XIE Xuewen, SHI Yanxia, CHAI Ali, LI Baoju, LI lei Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (2): 411-422.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.020 Abstract （277）      PDF（pc） （3392KB）（1389）       Knowledge map    Save Potato common scab, a severe soilborne disease caused by Streptomyces scabies, has become increasingly prevalent in major potato-producing regions in China, causing significant yield and quality losses. However, effective and environmentally friendly control strategies remain limited. In this study, a biocontrol strain, ZF517, exhibiting strong antagonistic activity against S. scabies, was isolated. Based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests, and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, ZF517 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Antagonistic spectrum analysis revealed that ZF517 exhibited potent inhibitory effects against six pathogenic fungi and three pathogenic bacteria. Biocontrol-related traits analysis showed that ZF517 secretes proteases and siderophores and harbours biosynthetic genes for Surfactin, Macrolactin, Fengycin, Difficidin, Bacillibactin, Bacillaene, Bacilysin, and Iturin. Moreover, the fermentation broth of ZF517 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of S. scabies. A radish seedling assay confirmed that the fermentation broth effectively suppressed S. scabies infection, achieving a biocontrol efficacy of 63.94%. In pot experiments, ZF517 exhibited a biocontrol efficacy of 58.07% against potato common scab, significantly surpassing the efficacy of the chemical control treatment (20% thiazole zinc suspension concentrate). These findings indicate that ZF517 holds great potential as a biocontrol agent for managing potato common scab. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research Advances in Diapause of Predatory Stink Bugs (Hemiptera) XU Bowen, LI Yuyan, HE Weiwei, XUE Chuanzhen, SHEN Zhongjian, MAO Jianjun, ZHANG Lisheng, WU Huihui Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 193-206.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.03.017 Abstract （273）      PDF（pc） （530KB）（1816）       Knowledge map    Save The predatory stink bugs are economically important natural enemy insects and are effective in the biological control of agricultural and forestry pests. Diapause is a physiological adaptation strategy that insects can enter a developmental arrest state in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. Many species of predatory stink bugs enter diapause as adults or eggs. Understanding the characteristics and the regulation mechanisms of diapause in predatory stink bugs not only helps to decipher the environmental adaptation mechanism of insect development, but also can prolong the storage period of natural enemies, promote their year round mass production and improve the control efficiency by manipulating the diapause process. It is of great significance to promote the large-scale mass production, conservation and utilization of natural enemy insects. In this review, the diapause characteristics of 27 species of predatory stink bugs were summarized. The biological, ecological and physiological features during diapause of these predatory stink bugs were analyzed. In addition, the molecular regulation mechanism of diapause and the post-diapause developmental biology of the predatory stink bugs were also reviewed. Finally, the application prospect of diapause in the mass rearing of predatory stink bugs and their use in biological control was discussed. This review provides an important reference for in-depth research on the diapause manipulation technique and diapause mechanism in predatory stink bugs, and for promotion of their mass production, storage and application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effects of Seed Soaking with Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi on Defense Enzyme Activities and Insect Resistance in Maize Leaves ZHAN Zhaofeng, GOU Xuelian, WANG Zhenying, ZHANG Yongjun, WANG Xiuping, GUO Jingfei Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 54-62.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.01.002 Abstract （266）      PDF（pc） （448KB）（659）       Knowledge map    Save This study aim is to delve into the impact of seed treatment using entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana Bb20091317 and Metarhizium rileyi MrCDTLJ1 on insect resistance and the activity of defense enzymes in maize. Employing a pot experiment setup, the investigation aimed to evaluate the resistance of maize leaves which seeds soaked with B. bassiana Bb20091317 and M. rileyi MrCDTLJ1, respectively, against Ostrinia furnacalis and Spodoptera frugiperda, as well as the activity of levels of key enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) in S. frugiperda after injured maize leaves over various time intervals (0, 2, 12, 24, and 48 hours). The findings revealed that treated seeds with Bb20091317 significantly blostered the activities of POD, PPO, and SOD in maize leaves, both before and after the induction of S. frugiperda damage. Similarly, soaked seeds with MrCDTLJ1 significantly elevated POD and SOD activities in maize leaves before and after S. frugiperda damage, but did not significantly induce SOD and PAL activities. Notably, the weight of O. furnacalis larvae feeding on the leaves which seeds treated with Bb20091317 and MrCDTLJ1 was significantly lower compared to those feeding on non-soaked maize leaves. Additionally, the weight of S. frugiperda larvae induced by Bb20091317 and MrCDTLJ1-treated seeds, coupled with 24 hours of leaf damage, was significantly lower than larvae from untreated maize leaves subjected to S. frugiperda damage. However, there was no significant difference in the weight of larvae from S. frugiperda induced maize leaves for 24 hours compared to control leaves. In essence, the seed treatments with B. bassiana and M. rileyi stimulated systemic defense responses in maize, as evidenced by heightened enzyme activation following S. frugiperda herbivory, consequently enhancing resistance against O. furnacalis and S. frugiperda. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Control Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Quinoa Black Stem Disease and Identification of Its Antifungal Substances REN Lu, SUN Jiangwei, Lü Hong, YIN Hui, QIN Nan, ZHAO Xiaojun Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2025, 41 (1): 112-121.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.001 Abstract （260）      PDF（pc） （2335KB）（891）       Knowledge map    Save Quinoa black stem disease is one of the common diseases found in quinoa production in recent years. In the previous study, a strain of Bacillus subtilis LS3 with good inhibitory effect on Ascochyta caulina was isolated from quinoa ear. In order to clarify its control effect and the composition of antifungal substances, the growth rate method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of volatile and non-volatile antifungal substances of strain LS3. The field control effect of LS3 strain fermentation broth was determined by randomized block design. The volatile antifungl substances were identified by GC-MS. The non-volatile antifungl substances of LS3 strain were isolated and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography, and identified by HPLC-MS. The results showed that the inhibition rate of volatiles of strain LS3 was 43.47%, the inhibition rate of fermentation broth was 61.45%, and the inhibition rate of fermentation broth after high temperature sterilization was only 13.08%. Different concentrations of LS3 strain fermentation broth had different control effects on quinoa black stem disease. When the concentration was 2.0×106 cfu/mL, the control effect was 66.81%. The main volatile components of LS3 were identified as 2-nonanol, phenol and tridecanol. Among them, 2-nonanol and phenol had better inhibitory effect on the pathogen, and the EC50 values were 2.57 and 1.24 μg/mL, respectively. The crude antifungal protein of LS3 strain was separated and purified, and only one active peak was found. A clear band was found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After HPLC-MS detection, it was found that the protein was a flagellin with a molecular weight of about 32.6 kDa. LS3 strain showed good antifungal activity, and identification of antifungal substances was the basis for further development and utilization of LS3 strain. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）