温度和光周期对管侧沟茧蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾效果的影响

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.11.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是世界重大农业害虫，前期研究发现管侧沟茧蜂Microplitis tuberculifer能够有效控制草地贪夜蛾。为了进一步优化控害效果、评估寄生适应性，本研究比较了温度和光周期对管侧沟茧蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾效果及子代蜂发育的影响。结果表明：在光周期10L：14D和14L：10D条件下，20℃、24℃和28℃时管侧沟茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾的寄生效果均较好，结茧率>70%、畸形率<6%、羽化率>60%，16℃和32℃下寄生能力降低；管侧沟茧蜂的发育历期（卵-幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期）和茧重随着温度的升高明显缩短，光周期10L：14D条件下16℃则能诱导管侧沟茧蜂进入滞育； 28℃条件下，不同光周期对管侧沟茧蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾后的结茧率>70%、畸形率<4%、发育历期和茧重无显著影响；在16℃条件下，当光照低于12L：12D时能够诱导管侧沟茧蜂进入滞育。综合各个参数，管侧沟茧蜂生长适宜温度广泛，在16℃~32℃范围内均能正常寄生草地贪夜蛾，完成世代发育，其中20℃~28℃为最佳寄生和生长温度；光周期对管侧沟茧蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾的影响较小，28℃适宜温度下，光照8L：16D至16L：8D均对低龄幼虫有较好的控害效果。

关键词: 管侧沟茧蜂, 草地贪夜蛾, 温度, 光周期, 生物防治, 滞育

Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the major agricultural pests in the world. Previous research showed that Microplitis tuberculifer can effectively control S. frugiperda. To further optimize the control efficiency, the effects of temperature and photoperiod on parasitization of S. frugiperda by M. tuberculifer and the development of offspring wasps were investigated. The results showed that under 10L:14D and 14L:10D photoperiod conditions, the parasitism of M. tuberculifer was better at 20 ℃, 24 ℃ and 28 ℃ than at 16 ℃ and 32 ℃; at the former temperatures, the cocooning rate was >70%, the deformity rate was <6%, and the eclosion rate was >60%. The developmental duration (egg-larva stage, pupal stage, and adult stage) of M. tuberculifer was significantly shortened and cocoon weight, significantly reduced, with the increase of temperature. Diapause was induced at 16 ℃ and 10L:14D. At 28 ℃, photoperiod had no significant effect on the parasitism rate (>70%), deformity rate (<4%), development duration, and cocoon weight. At 16 ℃, diapause was induced when the photophase was less than 12 h. Therefore, the optimum temperatures for the growth of M. tuberculifer range wide, the parasitization of S. frugiperda varies little in the range of 16 ℃ to 32 ℃, and the optimum temperatures for parasitism and growth of M. tuberculifer range from 20 ℃ to 28 ℃. The photoperiod has little effect on the parasitization of S. frugiperda. At 28 ℃, the photoperiods ranging from 8L:16D to 16L:8D all show high control of young S. frugiperda larvae.

Key words: Microplitis tuberculifer, Spodoptera frugiperda, temperature, photoperiod, biological control, diapause

中图分类号:

S476.3

徐子英, 路子云, 杨小凡, 冉红凡, 李建成, 李文香. 温度和光周期对管侧沟茧蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾效果的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(6): 1133-1139.

XU Ziying, LU Ziyun, YANG Xiaofan, RAN Hongfan, LI Jiancheng, LI Wenxiang. Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Parasitism of Microplitis tuberculifer on Spodoptera frugiperda[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2021, 37(6): 1133-1139.

参考文献

[1] Todde L, Poole R W. Keys and illustrations for the armyworm moths of the noctuid genus Spodoptera Guenée from the Western Hemisphere[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1980, 73(6):722-738.
[2] Martinelli S, Barata R M, Zucchi M I, et al. Molecular variability of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) populations associated to maize and cotton crops in Brazil[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2006, 99(2):519-526.
[3] Montezano D G, Specht A, Sosa-Gómez D R, et al. Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in the Americas[J]. African Entomology, 2018, 26(2):286-301.
[4] 全国农业技术推广服务中心.植物病虫情报(第7期).重大害虫草地贪夜蛾已侵入云南各地要立即开展调查监测[R]. 2019.
[5] 王德安,王金耀,陈红印.走向21世纪的中国昆虫学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 2000, 1021-1026.
[6] 路子云,冉红凡,刘文旭,等.温度和光周期对管侧沟茧蜂滞育诱导及滞育茧的低温冷藏[J].昆虫学报, 2014, 57(10):1206-1212.
[7] 路子云,冉红凡,刘文旭,等.粘虫及其寄生性天敌--管侧沟茧蜂饲养方法[J].环境昆虫学报, 2013, 35(5):683-687.
[8] 路子云,钟勇,屈振刚,等.温度和营养条件对管侧沟茧蜂成虫寿命的影响[J].河北农业科学, 2010, 4(8):75-76, 83.
[9] 景晓红,康乐.昆虫耐寒性研究[J].生态学报, 2002(12):2202-2207.
[10] 景晓红,康乐.昆虫耐寒性的测定与评价方法[J].昆虫知识, 2004(1):7-10.
[11] 蒋丰泽,郑灵燕,郭技星,等.温度对昆虫繁殖力的影响及其生理生化机制[J].环境昆虫学报, 2015, 37(3):653-663.
[12] Kutcherov D A, Lopation E B, Kipyatkov V E. Photoperiod modifies thermal reaction norms for growth and development in the red popular leaf beetle Chrysomela populi (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)[J]. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2011, 57:892-898.
[13] Niva C C, Takeda M. Color changes in Halyomorpha brevis (Heteroptera:Pentatomidae) correlated with distribution of pteridines:regulation by environmental and physiological factors[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B, 2002, 132:653-660.
[14] Deblock M D, Stoks R. Adaptive sex-specific life history plasticity to temperature and photoperiod in a damselfly[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2003, 16:986-995.
[15] Vesala L, Hoikkala A. Effects of photoperiodically induced reproductive diapause and cold hardening on the cold tolerance of Drosophila Montana[J]. Journal of Insect Physiology 2011, 57:46-51.
[16] Wei X T, Xue F S, Li A Q. Photoperiodic clock of diapause induction in Pseudopidorus fasciata (Lepidoptera:Zygaenidae)[J]. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2001, 47:1367-1375.
[17] Shintani Y. Quantitative short-day photoperiodic response in larval development and its adaptive significance in an adult-overwintering cerambycid beetle, Phytoecia rufiventris[J]. Journal of Insect Physiology 2011, 57:1053-1059.
[18] 路子云,杨小凡,马爱红,等.管侧沟茧蜂对不同日龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫的寄生效果[J].中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(4):491-495.
[19] 路子云,杨小凡,马爱红,等. 2种侧沟茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾的寄生效果[J].河北农业科学, 2020, 24(4):37-39, 55.
[20] 季香云,化丽丹,蒋杰贤,等.温度和光周期对淡足侧沟茧蜂寄生和雌性比率的影响[J].应用昆虫学报, 2011, 48(2):370-374.
[21] 路子云,杨小凡,马爱红,等.管侧沟茧蜂对不同日龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫的寄生效果[J].中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(4):491-495.
[22] 朱楠.丽蚜小蜂生长发育的环境因子及其在温室内的分布[D].保定:河北农业大学, 2007.
[23] 张方平,符悦冠,彭正强,等.温度和光周期对斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂发育与繁殖的影响[J].生态学报, 2010, 30(5):1280-1286.