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中国生物防治学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 1379-1389.DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.072

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

防治芝麻枯萎病的微生物菌剂与化学杀菌剂筛选及其与种衣剂协同应用效果评价

赵新贝, 倪云霞, 刘新涛, 赵辉, 王婧, 何碧珀, 张春艳, 闫文庆, 李永冬, 刘红彦   

  1. 河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华北南部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/河南省农业有害生物监测与防控重点实验室/河南省生物农药工程研究中心/河南省作物保护国际联合实验室/河南省农用微生物创新中心, 郑州 450003
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-13 发布日期:2025-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 倪云霞, 刘红彦
  • 作者简介:赵新贝(1989-),女,博士,助理研究员,E-mail:zhaoxinbei121@163.com;通信作者,倪云霞,硕士,副研究员,E-mail:nyx2008@163.com;刘红彦,博士,研究员,E-mail:liuhy1219@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省省级科技研发计划联合基金培育项目(242301420140);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2025ZC57);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14);河南省农科院科技创新团队(2024TD14)

Screening of Microbial and Chemical Fungicides and Evaluation of Their Combined Application with Seed Coating Agents for Controlling Sesame Fusarium Wilt

ZHAO Xinbei, NI Yunxia, LIU Xintao, ZHAO Hui, WANG Jing, HE Bipo, ZHANG Chunyan, YAN Wenqing, LI Yongdong, LIU Hongyan   

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Pest Monitoring and Control/Biological Pesticides Engineering Research Center of Henan Province/International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan/Agricultural Microbiology Innovation Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
  • Received:2025-03-13 Published:2025-12-22

摘要: 枯萎病是芝麻上普遍发生且危害严重的病害之一,本研究旨在为芝麻枯萎病防治筛选高效商品化微生物菌剂和杀菌剂,并明确微生物菌剂、杀菌剂与种衣剂协同效果。通过菌丝生长速率法测定供试杀菌剂对尖镰孢的抑制作用,通过盆栽试验测定微生物菌剂、杀菌剂及其与种衣剂协同使用对芝麻枯萎病的防治效果。试验筛选到在芝麻花期防效仍在50%以上的微生物菌剂3种,其中代表性菌株土老板®哈茨木霉菌粉剂和亦强生物®枯草芽孢杆菌粉剂在蒴果期防效分别为58.38%和31.60%。筛选到高效低毒杀菌剂30%腈菌·乙嘧酚悬浮剂、30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂和40%苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂,防效分别为67.39%,45.66%和45.66%。筛选到防效在70%以上的微生物菌剂、种衣剂和杀菌剂协同5组,其中亦强生物®枯草芽孢杆菌粉剂+15%多·福悬浮种衣剂+30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂处理组防效最好,高达89.65%。本研究为芝麻枯萎病防控筛选到高效微生物菌剂和低毒杀菌剂,并为其全生育期防控提供了高效微生物菌剂、杀菌剂和种衣剂协同防控方案。

关键词: 芝麻, 枯萎病, 微生物菌剂, 杀菌剂, 防治效果

Abstract: Fusarium wilt is one of the most common and serious diseases in sesame. This study aimed to screen efficient commercial microbial agents and fungicides for controlling sesame Fusarium wilt. It also aimed to clarify the synergistic effect of microbial agents, fungicides and seed coating agents. Inhibitory effect of fungicides on F. oxysporum was determined by hyphal growth rate method. Control effect of microbial agents, fungicides, and their synergistic use with seed coating agents was determined by pot experiment. Three microbial agents with a control efficacy above 50% at the sesame flowering stage were screened. Among them, the representative strains Tulaoban® Trichoderma harzianum powder and Yiqiang Bio® Bacillus subtilis powder showed control efficacies of 58.38% and 31.60%, respectively, in the capsule stage. Three highly effective and low-toxicity fungicides were screened, including: 30% myclobutanil·ethirimol suspension, 30% pyraclostrobin suspension, and 40% difenoconazole suspension, with the control efficiencies of 67.39%, 45.66%, and 45.66%, respectively. Five groups of microbial agents, fungicides, and seed coating agents with a control efficacy above 70% were screened. The treatment group Yiqiang Bio® B. subtilis powder + 15% carbendazim·thiram suspension seed coating agent + 30% pyraclostrobin suspension had the best control efficacy 89.65%. This study screened effective microbial agents and low-toxicity fungicides for controlling sesame Fusarium wilt and also provided a synergistic control strategy combining microbial agents, fungicides and seed coating agents for the whole sesame growth period.

Key words: sesame, Fusarium wilt disease, microbial agent, fungicide, control efficacy

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