香蕉枯萎病生防真菌的筛选鉴定及其防治效果评价

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.061

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为挖掘对香蕉枯萎病具有良好防治效果的生防菌资源，本研究从森林土壤和蕉园土壤中分离得到45株真菌，采用平板对峙法筛选出9株对香蕉枯萎病菌具有较好抑制效果的生防潜力菌株，平板抑制率为64%以上，在扫描电镜下观察到6株真菌会使香蕉枯萎病菌出现菌丝皱缩干瘪、孢子畸形等现象，3株真菌对香蕉枯萎病菌的菌丝和孢子形态无影响。通过温室盆栽试验评价对香蕉枯萎病的防效，结果表明9株生防潜力菌株均具有显著的防控效果，其中菌株HH16、HH19和HH20对香蕉枯萎病的植株防控效果和球茎防控效果最好，防效均大于64%。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定，菌株BL01为钩状木霉Trichoderma hamatum、菌株BL02为螺旋木霉T.spirale、菌株BL03为李氏木霉T.lixii、菌株BL04为Pinicola木霉T.pinicola，菌株BL05为瑞士青霉Penicillium raistrickii、菌株BL08为布雷正青霉P.brefeldianum、菌株HH16为云南木霉T.yunnanense、菌株HH19为厚木霉T.crassu和菌株HH20为绿木霉T.virens。本研究将为香蕉枯萎病生防菌剂的开发应用提供理论依据和技术支持。

关键词: 香蕉枯萎病, 生物防治, 木霉菌, 青霉菌

Abstract: To explore the biocontrol strains with good control effects on banana Fusarium wilt disease, forty five strains of fungi were isolated from forest soil and banana plantation soil in this study. Using the plate confrontation method, nine strains with good inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) were obtained. All of nine showed an inhibition rate exceeding 64%. Under the scanning electron microscope, it was observed that six strains caused Foc TR4 to exhibit morphological abnormalities, including shrunken and desiccated hyphae as well as deformed spores. However, the remaining three strains had no observable effect on Foc TR4 morphology. The greenhouse pot experiments were used to evaluate the control effect of 9 stains on banana Fusarium wilt disease, and the results showed that all nine strains had significant control effects. Strain HH16, HH19 and HH20 have the best control effect on banana Fusarium wilt disease, with the control efficacy greater than 64%. Morphological and molecular biological identification revealed the following results, strain BL01 as Trichoderma hamatum, BL02 as T. spirale, BL03 as T. lixii, BL04 as T. pinicola, BL05 as Penicillium raistrickii, BL08 as P. brefeldianum, HH16 as T. yunnanense, HH19 as T. crassum, and HH20 as T. virens. This study will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development and application of biocontrol agents for banana Fusarium wilt disease.

Key words: banana Fusarium wilt, biological control, Trichoderma, Penicillium

中图分类号:

S476

尹顺利, 毛俊, 王洁琳, 冯臣成, 丁月, 苏源, 白亭亭. 香蕉枯萎病生防真菌的筛选鉴定及其防治效果评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(5): 1188-1199.

YIN Shunli, MAO Jun, WANG Jielin, FENG Chencheng, DING Yue, SU Yuan, BAI Tingting. Screening and Identification of Biocontrol Fungi against Fusarium Wilt of Banana and Evaluation of Their Control Effect[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(5): 1188-1199.

参考文献

[1] 黄穗萍, 李其利, 韦绍龙, 等. 米修链霉菌TF78对香蕉枯萎病的田间防效及根际土壤微生物的影响[J]. 微生物学通报, 2022, 49(9): 3693-3708.
[2] 李华平, 李云锋, 聂燕芳. 香蕉枯萎病的发生及防控研究现状[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 2019, 40(5): 128-136.
[3] Ploetz R C. Fusarium wilt of banana is caused by several pathogens referred to as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense[J]. Phytopathology, 2006, 96(6): 648.
[4] 周登博, 井涛, 起登凤, 等. 抗香蕉枯萎病菌的卢娜林瑞链霉菌的分离及防效鉴定[J]. 园艺学报, 2017, 44(4): 664-674.
[5] 起登凤, 邹良平, 周登博, 等. GA1-2菌株的分离鉴定及其对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果[J]. 植物保护学报, 2017, 44(5): 809-816.
[6] 周登博, 井涛, 张锡炎, 等. 香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌筛选及其抑菌活性[J]. 植物保护学报, 2016, 43(6): 913-921.
[7] 谌娟娟, 张越锋, 黄文静, 等. 香蕉林土壤可培养放线菌分离、鉴定及其抑菌活性[J]. 微生物学通报, 2023, 50(7): 2907-2922.
[8] 卢娟, 夏启玉, 孙建波, 等. 一株拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的链霉菌分离和鉴定[J]. 热带作物学报, 2011, 32(2): 278-282.
[9] 田丹丹, 周维, 覃柳燕, 等. 香蕉枯萎病拮抗内生细菌的分离鉴定及防治效果初探[J]. 热带作物学报, 2018, 39(10): 2007-2013.
[10] 周维, 田丹丹, 李朝生, 等. 香蕉内生细菌G9R-3分离鉴定及其拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌活性评价[J]. 西南农业学报, 2020, 33(7): 1493-1498.
[11] 杨迪, 杜婵娟, 张晋, 等. 香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌贝莱斯芽胞杆菌的筛选鉴定及其生物学特性[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(1): 165-171.
[12] 杨迪, 杜婵娟, 张晋, 等. 香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌的筛选鉴定及其防病效果测定[J]. 南方农业学报, 2023, 54(2): 414-423.
[13] 谢晚彬, 李华平. 香蕉枯萎病生防细菌ZJ6-6的盆栽防治效果及其生防基因分析[J]. 中国南方果树, 2018, 47(6): 55-58, 64.
[14] Duan Y, Pang Z, Yin S, et al. Screening and analysis of antifungal strains Bacillus subtilis JF-4 and B. amylum JF-5 for the biological control of Fusarium wilt of banana[J]. Journal of Fungi, 2023, 9(9): 886.
[15] He P, Li S, Xu S, et al. Monitoring tritrophic biocontrol interactions between Bacillus spp., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, tropical race 4, and banana plants in vivo based on fluorescent transformation system[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021, 12(1): 754918.
[16] Fan H, Li S, Zeng L, et al . Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 using natively isolated Bacillus spp. YN0904 and YN1419[J]. Journal of Fungi, 2021, 7(10), 795.
[17] 宋秀丽, 赵崇钊, 卓愉林, 等. 绿针假单胞菌桔黄亚种在香蕉枯萎病防治中的应用[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2025, 42(1): 206-217.
[18] 李枢妍, 阳黎恒, 肖雪婷, 等. 一株香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及生防效果研究[J]. 南方农业学报, 2021, 52(7): 1826-1834.
[19] 徐志周, 王明元, 杜锦鹏, 等. 一株香蕉枯萎病拮抗菌HQB-1的分离鉴定及其发酵条件优化[J]. 微生物学通报, 2019, 46(7): 1611-1618.
[20] 阮彦楠, 付利波, 番华彩, 等. 光叶苕子(Vicia villosa var.)内生细菌Sz-2的特性及其对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(8): 1507-1519.
[21] Bai T, Xu S, Rupp F, et al. Temporal variations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 population in a heavily infected banana field in southwest China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 2019, 69(7): 641-648.
[22] Wan T, Zhao H, Wang W. Effect of biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN16-1 and plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum on tomato rhizosphere bacterial community composition[J]. Biological Control, 2017, 112(9): 1-9.
[23] Wu D, Wang W, Yao Y, et al. Microbial interactions within beneficial consortia promote soil health[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 54(20): 165801.
[24] Pilar J, Guillaume C, Ilona P, et al. Democratization of fungal highway columns as a tool to investigate bacteria associated with soil fungi[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2021, 97(2): fiab003.
[25] 孟素玲, 田彦梅, 顾欣, 等. 木霉的协同防病作用研究进展[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2022, 38(3): 739-747.
[26] Thambugala K M, Daranagama D A, Phillips A J L, et al. Fungi vs. fungi in biocontrol: an overview of fungal antagonists applied against fungal plant pathogens[J]. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2020, 10(1): 604923.
[27] 覃柳燕, 郭成林, 黄素梅, 等. 棘孢木霉菌株PZ6对香蕉促生效应及枯萎病室内防效的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2017, 48(2): 277-283.
[28] 陈杰, 郭天文, 汤琳, 等. 灰黄青霉CF3对马铃薯土传病原真菌的拮抗性及其促生作用[J]. 植物保护学报, 2013, 40(4): 301-308.
[29] Long W, Chen Y, Wei Y, et al. A newly isolated Trichoderma parareesei N4-3 exhibiting a biocontrol potential for banana Fusarium wilt by hyperparasitism[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2023, 14: 1289959.
[30] 古丽君. 深绿木霉对草坪禾草根腐病病原的作用机制及深绿木霉生防制剂的研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2009.
[31] 郭宁, 孙华, 马红霞, 等. 玉米腐霉茎腐病生防木霉菌株的筛选、鉴定及防治效果分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(22): 4453-4466.
[32] 陈建爱, 陈为京, 刘凤吉, 等. 黄绿木霉T1010对花生根腐病生防效果研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2018, 27(8): 1446-1452.
[33] 姚凡, 王喜刚, 郭成瑾, 等. 绳状青霉P-19不同固体发酵浸提液对马铃薯镰刀菌根腐病病原菌的抑制作用[J]. 植物保护, 2022, 48(6): 368-373.
[34] 赵新贝, 赵辉, 倪云霞, 等. 拜赖青霉菌株47M-1的培养条件优化及其对芝麻枯萎病的防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2023, 39(1): 167-175.
[35] 任乃芃, 刘香萍, 唐佳琳, 等. 变灰青霉BIBA-G563对紫花苜蓿镰刀菌根腐病的防效[J]. 中国草地学报, 2023, 45(3): 95-103.
[36] Sabuquillo P, Cal A D, Melgarejo P. Dispersal improvement of a powder formulation of Penicillium oxalicum, a biocontrol agent of tomato wilt[J]. Plant Disease, 2005, 89(12): 1317-1323.
[37] 汪军, 王国芬, 杨腊英, 等. 施用淡紫拟青霉与套作对香蕉枯萎病控病作用的影响[J]. 果树学报, 2013, 30(5): 857-864.
[38] 陈安徽, 李春如, 樊美珍, 等. 蝉拟青霉代谢产物清除DPPH自由基和抗真菌活性的研究[J]. 菌物学报, 2008, 27(3): 405-412.
[39] 陈杰, 郭天文, 汤琳, 等. 灰黄青霉CF3对马铃薯土传病原真菌的拮抗性及其促生作用[J]. 植物保护学报, 2013, 40(4): 301-308.
[40] 苏前富, 贾娇, 孟玲敏, 等. 微黄青霉ZF1及其代谢产物对禾谷镰孢的抑菌活性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(20): 4056-4063.
[41] 曲远航, 王琦, 姚彦坡, 等. 马铃薯晚疫病生防木霉菌的筛选及鉴定[J]. 菌物学报, 2014, 33(6): 1231-1241.
[42] 王海波, 时焦, 雒振宁, 等. 青霉菌QMYCS-2菌株的分离鉴定及其对烟草黑胫病的防治作用[J]. 烟草科技, 2016, 49(2): 14-20.
[43] 王亚月, 贾方方, 李俊营, 等. 烟草黑胫病拮抗菌的筛选鉴定与防病促生作用研究[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2022, 43(6): 60-67.
[44] Sun D, Lu X, Hu Y, et al. Methyl jasmonate induced defense responses increase resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 in banana[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2013, 164(16): 484-491.
[45] 魏景超. 真菌鉴定手册[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1979.
[46] Whipps J M. Microbial interactions and biocontrol in the rhizosphere[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2001, 52(1): 487-511.
[47] 陈捷, 朱洁伟, 张婷, 等. 木霉菌生物防治作用机理与应用研究进展[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2011, 27(2): 145-151.
[48] 张荣焕. 深绿木霉H18-1-1和H18-1-1-t菌株生防效果评测[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2021.
[49] 桂莎, 刘芳, 张立丹, 等. 复合菌剂防控香蕉枯萎病的效果及其微生物学机制[J]. 土壤学报, 2020, 57(4): 995-1007.
[50] Zhang N, He X, Zhang J, et al. Suppression of Fusarium wilt of banana with application of bio-organic fertilizers[J]. Pedosphere, 2014, 24(5): 613-624.
[51] 卯婷婷. 钩状木霉MHT1134对辣椒枯萎病的生防作用及其机制研究[D]. 贵州: 贵州大学, 2021.
[52] 王永阳, 杜佳, 高克祥. 苦瓜枯萎病生防木霉的筛选鉴定及其定殖的qPCR检测[J]. 山东农业科学, 2018, 50(8): 110-115.
[53] 罗鑫.马尾松内生真菌多样性及其对马尾松苗木立枯病的生物防治[D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2020.
[54] Karmakar P, Sengupta K, Das P, et al. Biocontrol and plant growth promoting potential of Trichoderma yunnanense[J]. Vegetos, 2021, 34(6): 928-936.
[55] 王琳, 王科晶, 余昕彤, 等.一种厚木霉及其应用[P]. CN202211397465. 6.
[56] Katoch M , Singh D, Kapoor K K, et al. Trichoderma lixii (IIIM-B4), an endophyte of Bacopa monnieri L. producing peptaibols[J]. BMC Microbiology, 2019, 19(12): 1-10.
[57] 李芳, 史怀, 刘波, 等. 淡紫拟青霉对尖孢镰刀菌的拮抗作用与机制分析[J]. 植物保护学报, 2005(4): 373-378.
[58] 王宇光, 卢娟, 孙建波, 等. 一株拮抗香蕉枯萎病的青霉菌的分离及鉴定[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(4): 178-182.
[59] Jamil F N, Hashim A M, Yusof M T, et al. Association of soil fungal community composition with incidence of Fusarium wilt of banana in Malaysia[J]. Mycologia, 2023, 115(6): 178-186.