生物炭与有机肥配施哈茨木霉M3对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确生物炭与有机肥配施对生防哈茨木霉M3防治西瓜枯萎病的效果，通过室内静置罐和平板试验测定生物炭对哈茨木霉M3生物学特性的影响，盆栽试验评价生物炭与有机肥配施对菌株M3防病效果、瓜苗生长和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，静置罐试验中在灭菌土和自然土添加生物炭质量分数为3%时，菌株M3数量最大，PDA培养基中添加生物炭质量对菌株M3的生长速度无影响。盆栽试验结果表明，有机肥配施生物炭以总有机碳含量19.37 g/kg为基准和，随着生物炭占比增加，植株生长、M3菌株防病效果呈先增后减趋势；生物炭与有机肥总有机碳配比1:2时配施M3菌株处理的西瓜病情指数3.33，防效80.41%。综上，按一定比例配施生物炭和有机肥，可显著促进哈茨木霉对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果。本研究结果为利用生物炭和有机肥促进生防真菌稳定发挥田间防治效果提供了参考。

关键词: 生物炭, 有机肥, 哈茨木霉, 尖镰孢菌西瓜专化型

Abstract: To clarify the effects of combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer on the control efficiency of biocontrol Trichoderma harzianum M3 against watermelon Fusarium wilt, indoor static tank experiments and in vitro plate assays were conducted to investigate the impacts of biochar on the biological characteristics of T. harzianum M3. Pot experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of biochar-organic fertilizer combinations on the disease control efficiency of strain M3, watermelon seedling growth, and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that in the static tank assays, the population of strain M3 reached the maximum when biochar was added at a mass fraction of 3% in both sterilized and natural soils. However, the addition of biochar to the PDA medium had no significant effect on the growth rate of strain M3. Pot experiment results indicated that when the combined application of organic fertilizer and biochar was based on a total organic carbon (TOC) content of 19.37 g/kg, the plant growth and disease control efficacy of strain M3 exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the rise in the proportion of biochar. Specifically, under the treatment of combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer at a TOC ratio of 1:2 coupled with inoculation of strain M3, the watermelon presented a disease index of 3.33 and a control efficacy of 80.41%. In conclusion, the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer at an appropriate ratio can significantly enhance the control effect of T. harzianum against watermelon Fusarium wilt. The results of this study provide a reference for promoting the stable field control efficiency of biocontrol fungi using biochar and organic fertilizer.

Key words: biochar, organic fertilizer, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum

中图分类号:

S476

张昱, 顾欣, 刘文辉, 白艳, 李思琪. 生物炭与有机肥配施哈茨木霉M3对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(1): 82-95.

ZHANG Yu, GU Xin, LIU Wenhui, BAI Yan, LI Siqi. Control Effect of Trichoderma harzianum Combined with Organic Fertilizer and Biochar on Watermelon Fusarium Wilt[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(1): 82-95.

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