Control Effect of Actinomucor elegans AD-G14 on Alfalfa Fusarium Root Rot

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.080

Abstract

Abstract: Root rot in alfalfa known as an important soil-borne disease, and its causal agent, Fusarium spp., infects root crown and root tissues of plants. Biological control fungi can play a role in biological control and effectively prevent crop diseases. This study isolated and purified a fungal strain AD-G14 from the rhizosphere soil of healthy alfalfa, which effectively inhibits fusarium. Based on morphology and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S rDNA gene sequences analysis, AD-G14 was identified as Actinomucor elegans. AD-G14 has a significant antagonistic effect on multiple strains of fusarium root rot in alfalfa, with the strongest antagonistic activity against Fusarium solani (62.50%). The sterile fermentation broth of AD-G14 was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination of various Fusarium strains. Moreover, AD-G14 significantly increased the plant height and above-ground biomass of alfalfa that had been affected by root rot. The effectiveness of AD-G14 in controlling Fusarium root rot reached a significant rate of 66.30%. Inoculation with AD-G14 led to a significant increase in the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in alfalfa plants affected by Fusarium root rot, thereby improving the disease resistance of alfalfa plants. These findings indicate that AD-G14 is effective in controlling fusarium root rot in alfalfa and holds promise for development as a biocontrol agent.

Key words: Alfalfa, Actinomucor elegans, root rot, Fusarium spp., biological control

CLC Number:

S476

REN Naipeng, LIU Jielin, HAO Ningke, CAO Yang, LI GuoLiang, LIU Xiangping. Control Effect of Actinomucor elegans AD-G14 on Alfalfa Fusarium Root Rot[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(6): 1462-1472.

References

[1] 金京波, 王台, 程佑发, 等. 我国牧草育种现状与展望[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2021, 36(6): 660-665.
[2] 陈彩锦, 包明芳, 王文虎, 等. 紫花苜蓿抗旱育种研究现状及展望[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(3): 204-223.
[3] 何立超, 唐佳新, 卢娜, 等. 添加剂对紫花苜蓿和油菜秸秆混合青贮品质及维生素含量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报, 2025, 47(1): 234-242.
[4] 马欣, 罗珠珠, 张耀全, 等. 黄土高原雨养区不同种植年限紫花苜蓿土壤细菌群落特征与生态功能预测[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(3): 54-67.
[5] 黄咏明, 蒋迎春, 王志静, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌对植物根腐病的抑制效应及其机制[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(05): 1890-1902.
[6] Abdelaziz A M, Hashem A H, El-Sayyad G S, et al. Biocontrol of soil borne diseases by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria[J]. Tropical Plant Pathology, 2023, 48(2): 105-127.
[7] Abbas A, Mubeen M, Sohail M A, et al. Root rot a silent alfalfa killer in China: Distribution, fungal, and oomycete pathogens, impact of climatic factors and its management[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13: 961794.
[8] Berg L E, Miller S S, Dornbusch M R, et al. Seed rot and damping-off of alfalfa in minnesota caused by Pythium and Fusarium species[J]. Plant disease, 2017, 101(11): 1860-1867.
[9] 陈雅君, 崔国文. 黑龙江省紫花苜蓿根腐病调查及病原分离[J]. 中国草地学报, 2001, (03): 79-80.
[10] Cong L L, Sun Y, Kang J M, et al. First report of root rot disease caused by Fusarium proliferatum on alfalfa in China[J]. Plant Disease, 2016, 100(12): 2526.
[11] Wang L, Wang N, Yu J, et al. Identification of pathogens causing alfalfa Fusarium root rot in Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Agronomy, 2023, 13(2): 456.
[12] Jiang D, Xu C, Han W, et al. Identification of fungal pathogens and analysis of genetic diversity of Fusarium tricinctum causing root rots of alfalfa in north-east China[J]. Plant Pathology, 2021, 70(4): 804-814.
[13] 李应德, 闫智臣, 高萍, 等. 摩西球囊霉对紫花苜蓿烟色织孢霉根腐病的影响[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2018, 34(4): 598-605.
[14] Cheng X, Ji X, Ge Y, et al. Characterization of antagonistic Bacillus methylotrophicus isolated from rhizosphere and its biocontrol effects on maize stalk rot[J]. Phytopathology, 2019(4): 571-581.
[15] 刘勇, 韦树谷, 叶鹏盛, 等. 烟草青枯病的发生流行及生防菌防控的根际微生物效应研究进展[J]. 烟草科技, 2024, 57(2): 91-102.
[16] Li B, Zheng Y, Cai Y, et al. Identification and assessment of a biocontrol agent, Ochrobactrum intermedium I-5, for management of alfalfa root rot caused by Fusarium tricinctum[J]. Phytopathology, 2021, 111(11): 1927-1934.
[17] Li Y, Duan T, Nan Z, et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus alleviates alfalfa leaf spots caused by Phoma medicaginis revealed by RNA seq analysis[J]. ‐ Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2021, 130(2): 547-560.
[18] Sallam N M A, Eraky A M I, Sallam A. Effect of Trichoderma spp. on Fusarium wilt disease of tomato[J]. Molecular Biology Reports, 2019, 46: 4463-4470.
[19] Abro M A, Sun X, Li X, et al. Biocontrol potential of fungal endophytes against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum causing wilt in cucumber[J]. The Plant Pathology Journal, 2019, 35(6): 598.
[20] 李孟滕, 王芯, 马晓冉, 等. 紫花苜蓿根腐病病原菌分离鉴定与致病性[J]. 中国草地学报, 2022, 44(11): 84-91.
[21] 魏景超. 真菌鉴定手册[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1979, 501-512.
[22] Ranjith M, Ramya R S, Boopathi T, et al. First report of the fungus Actinomucor elegans Benjamin & Hesseltine belonging to Odontotermes obesus (Rambur)(Isoptera: Termitidae) in India[J]. Crop Protection, 2021, 145: 105622.
[23] Ofelio C, Blanco A, Roura Á, et al. Isolation and molecular identification of the scuticociliate Porpostoma notata Moebius, 1888 from moribund reared Hippocampus hippocampus (L.) seahorses, by amplification of the SSU rRNA gene sequences[J]. Journal of Fish Diseases, 2014, 37(12): 1061-1065.
[24] 陈兰, 谢永丽, 杨雪, 等. 干旱沙地白刺根际Bacillus halotolerans DGL6对“青麦7 号”的促生及防病效果[J]. 微生物学通报, 2023, 50(9): 3899-3911.
[25] 马万里, 刘露, 汤子萱, 等. 香樟叶斑病病原菌的鉴定、菌丝生长速率及防治药剂筛选研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2023, 36(5): 169-179.
[26] 方香玲, 许世洋, 南志标. 尖孢镰刀菌苜蓿专化型厚垣孢子的诱导形成方法及萌发特性[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(7): 130-141.
[27] 王芳, 于璐, 齐泽铮, 等. 大豆镰刀菌根腐病拮抗菌的筛选及生防效果[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(7): 216-225.
[28] 黄宁, 孙鑫博, 王铁梅, 等. 62个苜蓿品种抗根腐病评价及抗病评价标准品种的筛选[J]. 中国草地学报, 2013, 35(1): 12-17.
[29] Elavarthi S, Martin B. Spectrophotometric assays for antioxidant enzymes in plants[J]. Plant stress tolerance: methods and protocols, 2010, 637: 273-280.
[30] 刘梦琦, 朱媛媛, 倪慧, 等. 荆州地区霉豆渣真菌多样性研究[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2021, 47(6): 241-246.
[31] Karimi K, Arzanlou M, Ahari A B, et al. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the causal agent of chafer beetle mortality in the wheat fields of the Kurdistan province, Iran[J]. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 2015, 55(3): 227-234.
[32] Knox O G G, Anderson C M T, Ross J L, et al. Organisms with potential to assist in the control of Helicoverpa armigera in Australian cotton production systems[J]. Crop and Pasture Science, 2016, 67(12): 1288-1296.
[33] 赵玳琳, 何海永, 吴石平, 等. 棘孢木霉GYSW-6m1对草莓炭疽病的生防机制及其防病促生作用研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(4): 587-595.
[34] Win T T, Bo B, Malec P, et al. Newly isolated strain of Trichoderma asperellum from disease suppressive soil is a potential bio-control agent to suppress Fusarium soil borne fungal phytopathogens[J]. Journal of Plant Pathology, 2021, 103(2): 549-561.
[35] Le Dang Q, Shin T S, Park M S, et al. Antimicrobial activities of novel mannosyl lipids isolated from the biocontrol fungus Simplicillium lamellicola BCP against phytopathogenic bacteria[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014, 62(15): 3363-3370.
[36] Wu Q, Sun R, Ni M, et al. Identification of a novel fungus, Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009, and comprehensive evaluation of its biocontrol efficacy[J]. PloS One, 2017, 12(6): e0179957.
[37] Jiang D, Xu C, Han W, et al. Identification of fungal pathogens and analysis of genetic diversity of Fusarium tricinctum causing root rots of alfalfa in northeast China[J]. Plant Pathology, 2021, 70(4): 804-814.
[38] 要雅倩, 成娜娜, 李培根, 等. 解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-6的分离鉴定及抗病促生潜力[J]. 生物技术通报, 2020, 36(9): 202-210.
[39] Eke P, Wakam L N, Fokou P V T, et al. Improved nutrient status and Fusarium root rot mitigation with an inoculant of two biocontrol fungi in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)[J]. Rhizosphere, 2019, 12: 100172.
[40] 张梦如, 杨玉梅, 成蕴秀, 等. 植物活性氧的产生及其作用和危害[J]. 西北植物学报, 2014, 34(9): 1916-1926.
[41] 陈少裕. 膜脂过氧化与植物逆境胁迫[J]. 植物学通报, 1989(4): 211-217.
[42] Xu X, Qin G, Tian S. Effect of microbial biocontrol agents on alleviating oxidative damage of peach fruit subjected to fungal pathogen[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2008, 126(1-2): 153-158.
[43] Hajji-Hedfi L, Hlaoua W, Al-Judaibi A A, et al. Comparative effectiveness of filamentous fungi in biocontrol of Meloidogyne javanica and activated defense mechanisms on tomato[J]. Journal of Fungi, 2022, 9(1): 37.
[44] Jamali H, Sharma A, Roohi N, et al. Biocontrol potential of Bacillus subtilis RH5 against sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani[J]. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 2020, 60(3): 268-280.