Screening of Soil Fumigants for Controlling Root Knot Nematode and Their Effects on Microbial Diversity

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.007

Abstract

Abstract: In order to screen an ideal and ecologically safe soil fumigant for controlling root-knot nematode disease, this study used cucumber as the test crop to compare and analyze the effects of different application dose (pure nitrogen 300, 600, and 900 kg/hm²) of nitrogen sources (ammonia water and ammonium bicarbonate) on the control efficacy against soil root-knot nematodes, crop yield, and soil microbial ecological changes. The results showed that nitrogen sources exhibited good control efficacy against root-knot nematodes, with the control effect positively correlated with the nitrogen application doses. The nematode control efficacy for high-dose ammonia water and ammonium bicarbonate treatments were 76% and 73%, respectively, slightly lower than the 85% observed in the metham sodium treatments. However, cucumber yield under the low nitrogen doses treatment was significantly higher than that in the control and metham sodium treatments, while medium and high nitrogen doses significantly reduced cucumber yield. Comprehensive evaluation using traditional plate counting and high-throughput sequencing revealed that the low nitrogen dose treatments did not disrupt soil bacterial biomass and population diversity but reduced fungal biomass and the relative abundance of the fungal genus Zopfiella. Medium and high nitrogen dose treatments significantly decreased the abundance of bacterial groups such as the genus Sphingomonas and the class Alphaproteobacteria, while significantly increasing the relative abundance of bacterial genera including Nitrosococcus, Lysobacter, Truepera, and Bacillus. These treatments also reduced the abundance of fungal genera Zopfiella and Arthrobotrys, but increased the abundance of the fungal genus Plectosphaerella. In conclusion, low-dose nitrogen fumigation can effectively control soil root-knot nematode disease, improve crop yield, and maintain soil ecological balance, demonstrating potential market application value.

Key words: ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate, soil disinfection, root-knot nematode

CLC Number:

S476

WANG Fanmei, LI Shunjiang, LIN Kai, ZHANG Dianpeng, ZUO Qiang, HAN Xuemei, LIU Jianbin, LIANG Zian. Screening of Soil Fumigants for Controlling Root Knot Nematode and Their Effects on Microbial Diversity[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(1): 238-252.

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