棉花枯萎病拮抗短小芽胞杆菌筛选鉴定及生防研究

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2018.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为获得对棉花枯萎病有较好生防效果的拮抗细菌，从健康海岛棉植株根围土壤中分离筛选棉花枯萎病拮抗细菌，探索研究拮抗菌株的抑菌作用，为其生物防治提供潜在资源菌。采用平板对峙法，以海岛棉枯萎病尖孢镰刀菌为靶标菌，从土壤中分离到的120株细菌菌株中筛选拮抗菌株。测定拮抗细菌发酵液抑菌活性，通过促芽和盆栽试验筛选生防效果最好的菌株，同时测定该菌株对棉花枯萎病的抑菌效果和耐盐碱性。基于形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定菌株分类地位。从120株细菌中筛选到1株对棉花枯萎病拮抗作用很强的菌株，编号为KX-33。促芽分析和盆栽试验结果表明，菌株KX-33能明显缩短出芽时间，促进棉苗生长。对病原菌DD64、DD89、DD11和DD22防效分别为75.32%、72.77%、69.48%和68.81%，均显著高于对照药剂处理（P<0.05）。耐盐碱分析表明，菌株KX-33具一定的耐盐碱性。菌株KX-33镜检为革兰氏阳性菌、呈杆状、有芽胞，16S rDNA和序列与Bacillus pumilus（FJ763643.1）同源性最高。海岛棉根围土壤微生物中含有棉花枯萎病拮抗细菌，经鉴定菌株KX-33为短小芽胞杆菌Bacillus pumilus，促生和抑菌作用显著，在海岛棉枯萎病生物防治中具有潜在的应用价值。

关键词: 棉花枯萎病, 短小芽胞杆菌, 生防, 鉴定

Abstract: In order to obtain a better control effect of antagonistic Bacteria on cotton Fusarium wilt, from island cotton rhizosphere soil plant isolation of cotton wilt antagonistic bacteria, antibacterial effect research of antagonistic strains, provide a potential resource for its biocontrol bacteria. The antagonistic strains were screened from 120 strains of bacterial strains isolated from the soil by using the plate confrontation method, with the Fusarium oxysporum of the island cotton Fusarium wilt as the target bacteria. The inhibitory activity of antagonistic bacteria fermentation liquid was determined, and the best biocontrol strains were screened by buds and pot experiments. Meanwhile, the growth promoting effect and salt and alkali resistance of the strain to cotton were also determined. The classification status of the strains was identified based on the morphological characteristics, physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. A strain with strong antagonism to cotton blight was screened from 120 strains of bacteria, numbered KX-33. The germination analysis and pot experiment showed that KX-33 could obviously shorten the time of germination and promote the growth of cotton seedlings. The control effects of pathogenic bacteria DD64, DD89, DD11 and DD22 were 75.32%, 72.77%, 69.48% and 68.81% respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control agents (P<0.05). The analysis of salt tolerance showed that the strain KX-33 had certain salt tolerance. The strain KX-33 microscopy was Gram-positive bacteria, rod-shaped, spore, 16S rDNA and sequence and homology with Bacillus pumilus (FJ763643.1) homology. The soil microorganism in the rhizosphere soil of the island cotton contains antagonistic bacteria against cotton wilt. It has been identified that KX-33 was Bacillus pumilus, and had strong potential of promoting growth and bacteriostasis. It has potential application in the biological control of Fusarium wilt of sea island cotton.

Key words: Fusarium wilt of cotton, Bacillus pumilus, biological control, identification

中图分类号:

S476

李海薇, 韩万里, 王梦瑶, 罗明, 韩剑, 顾爱星. 棉花枯萎病拮抗短小芽胞杆菌筛选鉴定及生防研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2018, 34(3): 440-448.

LI Haiwei, HAN Wanli, WANG Mengyao, LUO Ming, HAN Jian, GU Aixing. Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Bacteria Bacillus pumilus against Cotton Fusarium Wilt and Biocontrol Research[J]. journal1, 2018, 34(3): 440-448.

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