油茶炭疽病病原鉴定及绿色防治药剂筛选

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.04.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 油茶炭疽病是我国油茶重要病害,为筛选出有效的防治药剂,本研究从我国油茶主产区采集具有典型症状的炭疽病病叶分离病原菌,结合病原菌形态特征和多基因系统发育分析对其进行了系统鉴定,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定病原菌对化学杀菌剂敏感性。结果表明,本研究分离出的17株油茶炭疽病菌均属于刺盘孢属胶孢复合群(Gloeosporioides complex)真菌,包括山茶刺盘孢Colletotrichum camelllae、果生刺盘孢Colletotrichum fructicola、暹罗刺盘孢Colletotrichum siamense、胶孢刺盘孢Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、卡瓦刺盘孢Colletotrichum kahawae、哈锐刺盘孢Colletotrichum horri等。测试的13种杀菌剂中,油茶炭疽病菌对咪鲜胺药剂最敏感,平均EC₅₀值为0.035 μg/mL;其次为氟啶胺、多菌灵、咯菌腈、吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、氟环唑、苯并烯氟菌唑和戊唑醇,平均EC₅₀依次为0.076、0.169、0.202、0.243、0.342、0.490、0.534和1.401 μg/mL;此外,测试的油茶炭疽病菌对嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺、氟醚菌酰胺和氟吡菌酰胺四种药剂均不敏感,平均EC₅₀值大于100 μg/mL。

关键词: 油茶, 炭疽病, 胶孢刺盘孢, 化学防治, 杀菌剂

Abstract: Anthracnose is one of the most common diseases of the tea-oil trees.In this study,isolates of Colletotrichum species were collected from the leaves of the tea-oil tree with anthracnose symptoms from six provinces in China.These isolates were further characterized based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis.All of the isolates were tested for sensitivities to fungicides using the mycelial growth rate method.In total,17 Colletotrichum isolates were isolated from diseased leaves of the tea-oil tree.The isolates were characterized as six species,including Colletotrichum camelllae,Colletotrichum fructicola,Colletotrichum siamense,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Colletotrichum kahawae,and Colletotrichum horri,and all belonged to Gloeosporioides complex.The isolates were sensitive to prochloraz,with the minimum mean EC₅₀value of 0.035 μg/mL,followed by fluazinam,carbendazim,fludioxonil,pyraclostrobin,difenoconazole,epoxiconazole,Benzovindiflupyr and tebuconazole,with the mean EC₅₀ values of 0.076,0.169,0.202,0.243,0.342,0.490,0.534 and 1.401 μg/mL,separately.In addition,the EC₅₀ values of tested isolates to azoxystrobin,boscalid,fluopimomide and fluopyram were higher than 100 μg/mL.

Key words: Camellia oleifera, anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, chemical control, fungicide

中图分类号:

S476

孙伟, 袁会珠, 陈淑宁. 油茶炭疽病病原鉴定及绿色防治药剂筛选[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2022, 38(4): 880-889.

SUN Wei, YUAN Huizhu, CHEN Shuning. Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose of Camellia oleifera and Screening of Fungicides[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2022, 38(4): 880-889.

参考文献

[1] 庄瑞林.中国油茶[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2008.
[2] 田朝光.普通油茶重要性状及脂肪酸组成遗传变异研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2000.
[3] 靳爱仙,周国英,李河.油茶炭疽病的研究现状,问题与方向[J].中国森林病虫, 2009, 28:27-31.
[4] Wang Y X, Chen J Y, Xu X W, et al. Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease of Camellia oleifera in China[J]. Plant Disease, 2020, 104:474-482.
[5] Jiang S Q, Li H. First report of leaf anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum karstii on tea-oil trees (Camellia oleifera) in China[J]. Plant Disease, 2018, 102:674-675.
[6] Li H, Zhou G Y, Liu J A, et al. Population genetic analyses of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fructicola on tea-oil tree in China[J]. PLoS ONE, 2016, 11:e0156841.
[7] 李河,李杨,蒋仕强,等.湖南省油茶炭疽病病原鉴定[J].林业科学, 2017, 53:43-53.
[8] 汤铱泠,周国英,李河,等.多基因序列鉴定油茶炭疽病原Colletotrichum boninense新种[J].热带作物学报, 2015, 36:972-977.
[9] 帅小春,阮成江,熊朝伟,等.油茶炭疽病新致病菌Colletotrichum kahawae的多基因序列鉴定[J].分子植物育种, 2019, 17:7.
[10] 孙伟,陈淑宁,闫晓静,等.我国防治炭疽病杀菌剂的应用现状[J].现代农药, 2022, 21(2):6.
[11] Zhang L, Song L, Gao Q H, et al. Characterization and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose in eastern China[J]. Plant Disease, 2020, 104:1960-1968.
[12] Cao R X, Xu X M, Che H Y,et al. Distribution and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum species complexes from rubber tree in Hainan, China[J]. Plant Disease, 2017, 101:1774-1780.
[13] Chen S N, Luo C X, Hu M J, et al. Sensitivity of Colletotrichum species, including C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae, from peach to demethylation inhibitor fungicides[J]. Plant Disease, 2016, 100:2434-2441.
[14] 王义勋,刘伟,陈京元,等.不同杀菌剂对油茶炭疽病田间防治试验[J].湖北林业科技, 2014, 43:35-37.
[15] 郑少华.不同药剂对油茶炭疽病的防控效果[J].林业科技, 2012, 37:47-49.
[16] 李河,李司政,王悦辰,等.油茶苗圃炭疽病原菌鉴定及抗药性[J].林业科学, 2019, 55:10.
[17] 方中达.植病研究法(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[18] White T J, Bruns T, Lee S, et al. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics[M]//Innis M A, ed. PCR Protocols:A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press:New York, 1990:315-322.
[19] Carbone I, Kohn L M. A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes[J]. Mycologia, 1999, 91:553-556.
[20] Weir B S, Johnston P R, Damm U. The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex[J]. Studies in Mycology, 2012, 73:115-180.
[21] O"Donnell K, Cigelnik E. Two divergent intragenomic rDNA ITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are nonorthologous[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics& Evolution, 1997, 7:103-116.
[22] Lousie G N, Donaldson G C. Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from Filamentous Ascomycetes[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995, 61:1323-1330.
[23] Templeton M D, Rikkerink E, Solon S L, et al. Cloning and molecular characterization of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-encoding gene and cDNA from the plant pathogenic fungus Glomerella cingulata[J]. Gene, 1992, 122:225.
[24] 黄彰欣.植物化学保护实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2009.
[25] Dickens J, Cook R. Glomerella cingulata on Camellia[J]. Plant Pathology, 1989, 38:75-85.
[26] Prihastuti H, Cai L, Chen H, et al. Characterisation of Colletotrichum species associated with coffee berries in northern Thailand[J]. Fungal Diversity, 2009, 39:89-109.
[27] Cannon P F, Buddie A G, Bridge P D. The typification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides[J]. Mycotaxon, 2008, 104:189-204.
[28] Waller J M, Bridge P D, Black R, et al. Characterisation of the coffee berry disease pathogen, Colletotrichum kahawae sp. nov[J]. Mycological Research, 1993, 97:989-994.
[29] Weir B S, Johnston P R. Characterisation and neotypification of Gloeosporium kaki Hori as Colletotrichum horii nom. nov[J]. Mycotaxon, 2010, 111:209-219.
[30] Xie L, Zhang J Z, Cai L, et al. Biology of Colletotrichum horii, the causal agent of persimmon anthracnose[J]. Mycology, 2010, 1:242-253.
[31] Dean R, Kan J, Pretorius Z A, et al. The top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology[J]. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2012, 13:414-430.
[32] Cannon P F, Damm U, Johnston P R, et al. Colletotrichum current status and future directions[J]. Studies in Mycology, 2012, 73:181-213.
[33] Baggio J S, Wang N Y, Peres N A, et al. Baseline sensitivity of Colletotrichum acutatum isolates from Brazilian strawberry fields to azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and thiophanate-methyl[J]. Tropical Plant Pathology, 2018, 43:1-10.
[34] Forcelini B B, Seijo T E, Amiri A, et al. Resistance in strawberry isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum from Florida to quinone-outside inhibitor fungicides[J]. Plant Disease, 2016, 100:2050-2056.
[35] Ishii H. Fungicide Resistance in plant pathogens principles and a guide to practical management[J]. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 2015, 87:233-255.
[36] Beckerman J, Bessin R, Strang J, et al. Midwest fruit pest management guide[R]. Indina:Purdue University, 2020
[37] Mertely J, Seijo T, Perer N A, et al. Evaluation of products for anthracnose fruit rot and Gnomonia leaf blotch control in strawberry, 2016-2017[J]. Plant Disease Management Reports, 2018, 12:46.
[38] Forcelini B B, Peres N A. Widespread resistance to QoI fungicides of Colletotrichum acutatum from strawberry nurseries and production fields[J]. Plant Health Progress, 2018, 19:338-341.
[39] Haack S, Ivors K L, Holmes G J, et al. Natamycin, a new biofungicide for managing crown rot of strawberry caused by QoI-resistant Colletotrichum acutatum[J]. Plant Disease, 2018, 102:1687-1695.