解淀粉芽胞杆菌CY3的分离鉴定、发酵条件筛选及其对烟草镰刀菌根腐病的防治效果评价

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 烟草是我国重要的经济作物之一，由镰刀菌Fusarium spp.引起的烟草根腐病严重危害烟叶产量和品质。为了开发防治烟草镰刀菌根腐病的高效生防菌株，本研究通过对峙培养法从烟草根际土样中分离获得86个细菌菌株，其中菌株CY3对尖孢镰刀菌F.oxysporum的拮抗效果最佳，抑菌率为72.6%；根据形态学、生理生化特征及16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列系统发育分析，鉴定菌株CY3为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。通过单因素试验分析显示，YSP培养基为CY3的最适发酵培养基，可溶性淀粉和蛋白胨分别为最适碳源和氮源，最佳发酵条件为初始pH 7、32℃、220 r/min振荡培养60 h、接种量3%，发酵液菌量达1.46×10⁹ cfu/mL，抑菌率达92.3%。1×10⁶ cfu/mL浓度的CY3发酵液对烟草镰刀菌根腐病的室内盆栽和大田防效分别达到了81.1%和84.8%，显著高于戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑和甲基硫菌灵。解淀粉芽胞杆菌CY3具有良好的生防潜力和应用价值，为烟草镰刀菌根腐病的生物防治提供了菌种资源。

关键词: 烟草, 镰刀菌根腐病, 解淀粉芽胞杆菌, 生物防治

Abstract: Tobacco is one of the most important economic crops in China. However, tobacco root rot caused by Fusarium spp. has seriously impacted the yield and quality of tobacco. To exploit effective antagonists against tobacco Fusarium root rot, a total of 86 microbial strains were isolated from the collected rhizosphere soil samples via confrontation culture method, of which a bacterial strain CY3 displayed a considerable antagonistic effect against F. oxysporum with an inhibitory rate of 72.6%. Based on morphological, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and gyrB, the strain CY3 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. According to the single factor experiment, the optimal fermentation condition was optimized as followed: YSP cultural medium in an initial pH value of 7, incubation with 220 r/min, at 32 ℃ for 60 h, and then the amount of bacteria was increased to 1.46×10⁹ cfu/mL with an inhibitory rate of 92.3%. Then, the treatment of CY3 fermentation broth with 1×10⁶ cfu/mL concentration, the indoor pot and field control efficacies against Fusarium root rot were 81.1% and 84.8%, respectively, which were higher than that of tebuconazole, difenoconazole and thiophanate methyl. To sum up, the B. altitudinis strain CY3 has potential as a promising biocontrol agent with excellent application prospect, which provided biological control resources of tobacco Fusarium root rot.

Key words: tobacco, Fusarium root rot, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, biological control

中图分类号:

S476

孙松, 韩慧敏, 高玉平, 刘春菊, 刘涛, 台金, 王玮玉, 王川, 范增博, 张晓阳, 韩超. 解淀粉芽胞杆菌CY3的分离鉴定、发酵条件筛选及其对烟草镰刀菌根腐病的防治效果评价[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(4): 916-926.

SUN Song, HAN Huimin, GAO Yuping, LIU Chunju, LIU Tao, TAI Jin, WANG Weiyu, WANG Chuan, FAN Zengbo, ZHANG Xiaoyang, HAN Chao. Screening, Identification and Fermentation Condition Optimization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CY3 and Its Control Effects on Fusarium Root Rot of Tobacco[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(4): 916-926.

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