烟草镰刀菌根腐病拮抗木霉菌的筛选鉴定及防病促生效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.046

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为挖掘烟草镰刀菌根腐病高效生防菌资源，以实验室保藏的11株真菌为供试菌株，致病性尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum和茄病镰刀菌F.solani为靶标病原菌，采用平板对峙培养法进行筛选，获得一株高效生防菌株M14。该菌株对尖孢镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌的平板抑菌率分别为79.10%和79.31%，并对烟草疫霉菌等其他5种病原真菌表现出42.06%～100.00%的广谱抑菌活性。M14无菌发酵滤液对尖孢镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌孢子萌发抑制率分别为74.24%和93.15%；其挥发性代谢产物亦能显著抑制病原菌菌丝生长或产孢。通过孢子悬浮液浸种和发酵液灌根法评价M14促生作用，结果表明，M14孢子悬浮液使烟苗胚根根长增加26.14%，1.5倍稀释发酵液可使盆栽烟苗鲜重和干物质量提高25.52%～61.68%；盆栽防效试验结果显示，M14对尖孢镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌引起的根腐病防效分别为60.77%和69.84%。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定，菌株M14被确认为拟康宁木霉Trichoderma koningiopsis。本研究结果为烟草镰刀菌根腐病生防菌剂的研发提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 烟草镰刀菌根腐病, 镰刀菌, 木霉菌, 抑制作用, 促生作用

Abstract: To explore high-efficiency biocontrol agents for tobacco Fusarium root rot, 11 fungal strains preserved in our laboratory were screened using the dual culture method, with Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani as target pathogens. A highly efficient biocontrol strain, M14, was successfully isolated. Strain M14 exhibited plate inhibition rates of 79.10% and 79.31% against F. oxysporum and F. solani, respectively, and demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity against five other pathogenic fungi, including Phytophthora nicotianae, with inhibition rates ranging from 42.06% to 100.00%. The cell-free fermentation filtrate of M14 inhibited spore germination of F. oxysporum and F. solani by 74.24% and 93.15%, respectively. Furthermore, its volatile metabolites significantly inhibited mycelial growth or sporulation of the pathogens. The plant growth-promoting effects of M14 were evaluated via seed soaking in spore suspension and root drenching with fermentation broth. Results showed that the spore suspension increased tobacco embryonic root length by 26.14%, while the 1.5-fold diluted fermentation broth increased the fresh and dry weights of potted tobacco seedlings by 25.52%—61.68%. Pot experiments demonstrated that M14 achieved biocontrol efficacies of 60.77% and 69.84% against root rot caused by F. oxysporum and F. solani, respectively. Based on morphological and molecular biological identification, strain M14 was identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of biocontrol agents for tobacco Fusarium root rot.

Key words: tobacco Fusarium root rot, Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., inhibitory effect, growth promotion

中图分类号:

S476

邱睿, 覃耀, 李小杰, 张盈盈, 李彩虹, 李成军, 李淑君, 黎妍妍. 烟草镰刀菌根腐病拮抗木霉菌的筛选鉴定及防病促生效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(5): 1191-1201.

QIU Rui, QIN Yao, LI Xiaojie, ZHANG Yingying, LI Caihong, LI Chengjun, LI Shujun, LI Yanyan. Screening, Identification, and Biocontrol Efficacy of an Antagonistic Trichoderma Strain on Tobacco Fusarium Root Rot[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(5): 1191-1201.

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