贝莱斯芽胞杆菌BVDT-1抑菌活性及全基因组分析

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2026.02.050

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为挖掘高效果树病害生防资源，本文从温州洞头蝉花虫草栽培残基中分离筛选得到一株贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis BVDT-1，明确其对多种果树病原真菌的拮抗能力，并解析其生防分子机制。室内平板拮抗测定结果表明，菌株BVDT-1对小孢拟盘多毛孢、栖果刺盘孢、木贼镰孢的菌丝生长抑制率分别达81.98%、74.22%、50.93%；离体枝条生防试验显示，该菌株对“太秋”甜柿炭疽病的防治效果为32.40%。采用Illumina Hiseq与Pac Bio联合测序技术完成菌株全基因组测序与组装，结果显示：BVDT-1基因组仅含1条染色体，全长3916789 bp,GC含量46.53%，共编码3742个开放阅读框，包含86个t RNA、27个r RNA，同时预测到4个基因岛、3个前噬菌体及4套CRISPR-Cas系统。功能注释分析表明，该菌株基因组含有几丁质酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶等真菌细胞壁降解酶，可编码surfactin、fengycin、iturin等12类抑菌活性次级代谢产物合成基因簇，同时注释出vgbC、clbA、vmlR共3个耐药基因。综上，菌株BVDT-1兼具良好的果树病原真菌拮抗活性与丰富的生防相关遗传资源，生防应用潜力突出，可为果树真菌病害专用生防菌剂研发及生防机制解析提供优质菌种资源与理论支撑。

关键词: 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌, 鉴定, 抗菌, 全基因组测序, 杨梅凋萎病菌, 甜柿炭疽病, 甜柿叶斑病

Abstract: To identify highly effective biocontrol resources for fruit-tree diseases, a strain of Bacillus velezensis, designated BVDT-1, was isolated and screened from residues generated during Cordyceps chanhua cultivation in Dongtou, Wenzhou, China. Its antagonistic activity against several fruit-tree pathogenic fungi was evaluated, and the potential molecular mechanisms underlying its biocontrol activity were investigated. In vitro dual-culture assays showed that strain BVDT-1 inhibited the mycelial growth of Pestalotiopsis microspora, Colletotrichum fructicola, and Fusarium equiseti by 81.98%, 74.22%, and 50.93%, respectively. A detached-twig biocontrol assay showed that the strain achieved a control efficacy of 32.40% against anthracnose of ‘Taishuu' sweet persimmon. Whole-genome sequencing and assembly of strain BVDT-1 were performed using a combination of Illumina HiSeq and PacBio sequencing technologies. The results showed that the genome of BVDT-1 consisted of a single chromosome of 3,916,789 bp with a GC content of 46.53% and contained 3,742 predicted open reading frames, 86 tRNA genes, and 27 rRNA genes. In addition, four genomic islands, three prophages, and four CRISPR-Cas systems were predicted. Functional annotation revealed that the genome of strain BVDT-1 harbored genes encoding fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes, such as chitinases, cellulases, and amylases, as well as 12 biosynthetic gene clusters associated with antimicrobial secondary metabolites, including surfactin, fengycin, and iturin. Three antibiotic resistance genes, vgbC, clbA, and vmlR, were also identified. In conclusion, strain BVDT-1 exhibited considerable antagonistic activity against fruit-tree pathogenic fungi and possessed abundant genetic resources associated with biocontrol. These findings indicate that BVDT-1 has promising potential for biocontrol applications and may provide a valuable microbial resource and theoretical basis for the development of biocontrol agents specifically targeting fungal diseases of fruit trees and for further elucidation of the underlying biocontrol mechanisms.

Key words: Bacillus velezensis, identification, biocontrol bacteria, whole-genome sequencing, Pestalotiopsis microspora, Colletotrichum fructicola, Fusarium equiseti

中图分类号:

S476

李娜, 蔡瑞杭, 宫文君, 刘颖瑶, 柴一秋. 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌BVDT-1抑菌活性及全基因组分析[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2026, 42(4): 1038-1047.

LI Na, CAI Ruihang, GONG Wenjun, LIU Yingyao, CHAI Yiqiu. Inhibitory Activity and Whole Genome Analysis of Bacillus velezensis BVDT-1[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2026, 42(4): 1038-1047.

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