锐顶镰孢菌G3-23对几种植物病原真菌的生防作用

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.077

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以小麦内生真菌资源为基础，筛选对多种常见植物病原真菌具有广谱抑制活性的生防菌株。通过平板对峙法从368株小麦内生真菌中初筛获得高效拮抗菌株，结合形态学观察与分子系统发育分析进行菌株鉴定，并通过生测试验评估对几种常见真菌病害的生防效果。结果表明，分离自小麦根系的锐顶镰孢菌Fusarium acuminatum G3-23菌株对麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌Bipolaris sorokiniana、玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢菌B. maydis、禾谷镰孢菌F. graminearum及亚洲镰孢菌F. asiaticum均表现出显著拮抗作用，对峙培养抑制率均超过50.60%。进一步生测试验表明，菌株G3-23对上述病原菌引发的披碱草叶斑病、玉米叶斑病及小麦赤霉病具有显著防控效果，最高防效达77.14%。本研究不仅揭示了锐顶镰孢菌作为生防因子的多重抑菌特性，还为开发广谱型微生物杀菌剂提供了新型菌种资源与理论依据。

关键词: 内生真菌, 锐顶镰孢菌 G3-23, 叶斑病, 小麦赤霉病, 生物防治

Abstract: This study aimed to identify biocontrol potential of endophytic fungal strains isolated from wheat against fungal plant pathogens. To identify highly antagonistic strains, a total of 368 wheat endophytic fungal strains were preliminarily screened using the dual culture method. The strains were identified through morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, and their biocontrol efficacy against various fungal plant pathogens was evaluated. Dual culture test results showed that Fusarium acuminatum strain G3-23, isolated from wheat roots, exhibited significant antagonistic activity against Bipolaris sorokiniana, B. maydis, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum, with inhibition rates exceeding 50.60%. Further bioassays confirmed that strain G3-23 effectively controlled Elymus leaf spot, maize leaf spot, and wheat Fusarium head blight, with a maximum biocontrol efficacy of 77.14%. Overall, this study reveals the broad-spectrum antifungal properties of F. acuminatum strain G3-23 as a biocontrol agent and provides a novel resource and theoretical basis for developing broad-spectrum biopesticides.

Key words: endophytic fungus, Fusarium acuminatum G3-23, leaf spot disease, Fusarium head blight, biological control

中图分类号:

S476

安琦, 肖俊博, Clement Nzabanita, 盛雪渊, 王双超, 郭立华, 赵彦. 锐顶镰孢菌G3-23对几种植物病原真菌的生防作用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(6): 1452-1461.

AN Qi, XIAO Junbo, Clement Nzabanita, SHENG Xueyuan, WANG Shuangchao, GUO Lihua, ZHAO Yan. Biological Control of Fusarium acuminatum G3-23 on Plant Pathogenic Fungi[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(6): 1452-1461.

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