木霉活性素复合制剂在水稻病虫害绿色防控中的应用

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.055

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了开发用于水稻虫害绿色防控的木霉活性素产品，首先检测了木霉活性素的货架期，常温25℃保存一年后，主要成分含量的保留率在86.76%～99.24%之间，表明木霉活性素具有良好的稳定性。在此基础上研究了木霉活性素复合制剂（木霉代谢液与氨基酸及微量元素的复配产品）与农药（减量使用和全量使用）混配对水稻病虫害防治的协同增效作用，在上海地区两个试验点开展了2年的试验示范。松江区试验点示范表明：木霉活性素复合制剂+75%戊唑·嘧菌酯水分散粒剂+硒肥和硅肥对水稻籽粒黑点病菌Curvularia plantarum、穗腐病菌Fusarium fujikuroi、纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani防效分别为54.31%、35.54%和70.15%，且该组合增加了水稻籽粒的醛类风味物质含量，提高了水稻香味品质；木霉活性素复合制剂+75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂+硒肥和硅肥对水稻纹枯病防效达到77.91%，均超过单一喷施两种化学农药的防效。金山区试验点示范表明：木霉活性素复合制剂与30亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂、50%吡蚜酮和23%醚菌氟环唑混合喷施对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和水稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens防效分别达96.78%和88.26%；而单一喷施全量化学农药对稻纵卷叶螟和水稻褐飞虱防效分别仅为55.73%和44.54%，明显低于木霉活性素复合制剂与化学农药混合喷施的防效。本研究为进一步改进木霉活性素产品质量以及提升其在水稻病虫害绿色防控中的应用水平和减少化学农药使用奠定了基础。

关键词: 木霉活性素, 水稻病虫害, 农药减量使用, 生物防治, 绿色防控

Abstract: To develop Trichoderma bioactive metabolites –based product for green pest control in rice, the shelf life of the bioactive metabolites was first evaluated. The results showed that after one year of storage at room temperature (25℃), the retention rate of its main components ranged between 86.76% and 99.24%, demonstrating excellent stability of the Trichoderma bioactive metabolites. And further, the synergistic effect of mixed use of Trichoderma bioactive metabolites–based composite formulation Wotaibao (prepared with Trichoderma culture filtrate, amino acid and mcicroelements) and different pesticides (in the reduced and full use) on the control of rice pest insects and fungal diseases was clarified through the two-year demonstration field trial in Shanghai areas. Field demonstration trials in Songjiang District showed that the effectiveness of Trichoderma bioactive metabolites–based composite formulation + 75% tebuconazole-pyrimethanil aqueous dispersible granule + selenium and silica fertilizer in preventing rice grain black spot (caused by Curvularia plantarum), rice spikelet rot (caused by Fusarium fujikuroi) and rice sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctonia solani) reached 54.31%, 35.54% and 70.15%, respectively, and the combined use significantly increased the Aldehydes flavor substances in rice grains, which were commonly considered as pivotal substances in Chinese Fragrant Rice; the prevention effect of Trichoderma bioactive metabolites–based composite formulation + 75% oxime-pentaconazole aqueous dispersible granule + selenium and silicon fertilizer against Rice Sheath Blight reached more than 77.91%, which was more than that of single use of two chemical pesticides. Field demonstration trials in Jinshan District showed that Trichoderma bioactive metabolites–based composite formulation mixed with polyhedrosis virus suspension of 3 billion PIB/mL, 50% pymetrozine and 23% kresoxim-methyl·epoxiconazole achieved control of 96.78% and 88.26% against the Rice Leaf Rollers (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and Rice Planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens),respectively; however, a single spraying of the full amount of chemical pesticides was revealed only control of 55.73% and 44.54% against rice leaf rollers and rice planthoppers, respectively, obviously lower than the mixed use of Trichoderma active metabolites agent and chemical pesticides. Overall, the preparation of Trichoderma active metabolites agent held the advantages in the diversified active ingredients, long shelf-life, suitability, and significant synergistic effect with chemical pesticides for the prevention and control of rice pest insects and fungal diseases. This study provided a new technique for enhancing the green control effectiveness against rice pest insects and fungal diseases based on the combined use of Trichoderma active metabolites agent and low-dose pesticides. This study laid the foundation for further improving the quality of Trichoderma bioactive metabolites-based composite formulation and enhancing their application level in the green control of rice pests and diseases, thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides.

Key words: Trichoderma bioactive metabolites, rice pest insects and fungal diseases, reduced use of pesticide, biological control, green prevention and control

中图分类号:

S476

白真旭, 计天岑, 陈路生, 张炜康, 曹雨蓉, 朱彩华, 丁楚, 陈勇, 陆铭昌, 王文利, 陈捷. 木霉活性素复合制剂在水稻病虫害绿色防控中的应用[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(5): 1166-1178.

BAI Zhenxu, JI Tiancen, CHEN Lusheng, ZHANG Weikang, CAO Yurong, ZHU Caihua, DING Chu, CHEN Yong, LU Mingchang, WANG Wenli, CHEN Jie. Application of Trichoderma Bioactive Metabolites-based Composite Formulation in Controlling of Rice Pests and Diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(5): 1166-1178.

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