Optimization of Solid-State Co-Culture Conditions of Trichoderma-Bacillus and Its Control Efficacy on Cowpea Fusarium Wilt

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.064

Abstract

Abstract: Fusarium wilt of cowpea, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, represents a significant constraint to the sustainable production of cowpea in China. To develop effective management strategies, two mutually compatible antagonistic strains exhibiting strong inhibitory activity against the pathogen were isolated using dual-culture assays and affinity-based screening. Molecular identification confirmed these isolates as Trichoderma koningiopsis HN-006 and Bacillus velezensis B-HN-1. Building upon these results, this study further optimized the solid-state co-culture conditions for the two antagonistic strains. Using single-factor experiments and orthogonal array testing, the optimal co-cultivation parameters were determined as follows: a substrate composed of rice, rice husk, and wheat bran in a 1:1:1 ratio, with a moisture content of 60%; an inoculation ratio of Trichoderma to Bacillus of 1:1.25 (corresponding to 2% Trichoderma and 2.5% Bacillus); delayed inoculation of Bacillus 36 hours after Trichoderma; and incubation at 27.5 ℃ for 7 days. Under these conditions, the spore concentration of Trichoderma reached 8.71 ×10⁹ CFU/g, and the viable cell count of Bacillus reached 9.07 ×10¹⁰ CFU/g. Subsequent plant growth promotion and pot experiment assays demonstrated that the co-culture product significantly enhanced cowpea growth and provided a control efficacy against wilt disease of (78.95 ± 4.59)%. This study establishes an efficient co-cultivation protocol for Trichoderma and Bacillus, and proposes a promising composite microbial inoculant for the management of cowpea Fusarium wilt.

Key words: Trichoderma koningiopsis, Bacillus velezensis, co-cultivation, orthogonal test

CLC Number:

S476

ZHUANG Shenliang, LI Kun, HOU Jumei, LIU Tong. Optimization of Solid-State Co-Culture Conditions of Trichoderma-Bacillus and Its Control Efficacy on Cowpea Fusarium Wilt[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(5): 1141-1153.

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