雅致放射毛霉AD-G14对紫花苜蓿镰刀菌根腐病的防效

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.080

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa L. 根腐病是一种重要的土传病害，其病原镰刀菌会感染苜蓿植株的根颈与根部组织，生防真菌能够发挥生物防治作用，有效防治紫花苜蓿根腐病。本研究从健康苜蓿根际土壤中分离纯化获得一株有效抑制镰刀菌的真菌菌株AD-G14，核糖体基因内转录间隔区（rDNA-ITS）与18S rDNA系统发育分析表明，AD-G14为雅致放射毛霉Actinomucor elegans。AD-G14对多株苜蓿根腐病镰刀菌具有显著拮抗作用，其中对腐皮镰刀菌Fusarium solani拮抗活性最强（62.50%）。AD-G14无菌发酵液能够有效抑制多株镰刀菌的菌丝生长与孢子萌发，可显著增加患根腐病紫花苜蓿的植株高度与地上生物量，对镰刀菌根腐病防效可达66.30%。接种AD-G14可显著提高根腐病苜蓿植株的过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，并显著降低丙二醛（MDA）含量。综上，AD-G14能有效防治紫花苜蓿镰刀菌根腐病，具有开发为生防菌剂的潜力。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 雅致放射毛霉, 根腐病, 镰刀菌, 生物防治

Abstract: Root rot in alfalfa known as an important soil-borne disease, and its causal agent, Fusarium spp., infects root crown and root tissues of plants. Biological control fungi can play a role in biological control and effectively prevent crop diseases. This study isolated and purified a fungal strain AD-G14 from the rhizosphere soil of healthy alfalfa, which effectively inhibits fusarium. Based on morphology and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S rDNA gene sequences analysis, AD-G14 was identified as Actinomucor elegans. AD-G14 has a significant antagonistic effect on multiple strains of fusarium root rot in alfalfa, with the strongest antagonistic activity against Fusarium solani (62.50%). The sterile fermentation broth of AD-G14 was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination of various Fusarium strains. Moreover, AD-G14 significantly increased the plant height and above-ground biomass of alfalfa that had been affected by root rot. The effectiveness of AD-G14 in controlling Fusarium root rot reached a significant rate of 66.30%. Inoculation with AD-G14 led to a significant increase in the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in alfalfa plants affected by Fusarium root rot, thereby improving the disease resistance of alfalfa plants. These findings indicate that AD-G14 is effective in controlling fusarium root rot in alfalfa and holds promise for development as a biocontrol agent.

Key words: Alfalfa, Actinomucor elegans, root rot, Fusarium spp., biological control

中图分类号:

S476

任乃芃, 刘杰淋, 郝宁科, 曹阳, 李国良, 刘香萍. 雅致放射毛霉AD-G14对紫花苜蓿镰刀菌根腐病的防效[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(6): 1462-1472.

REN Naipeng, LIU Jielin, HAO Ningke, CAO Yang, LI GuoLiang, LIU Xiangping. Control Effect of Actinomucor elegans AD-G14 on Alfalfa Fusarium Root Rot[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(6): 1462-1472.

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