贝莱斯芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及对白术根腐病的防病促生效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 白术根腐病是制约白术生产的一种根部病害，尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum和茄病镰刀菌F. solani是引起白术根腐病的主要病原菌。本研究采用平板对峙法，从土壤样品中分离获得的228株细菌中筛选出效果稳定的拮抗菌株B205和B207，对尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌的平均抑菌率分别为60.0%、61.2%和61.4%、63.5%。盆栽试验结果表明，对白术根腐病的防治效果分别为52.6%和76.0%；拮抗菌株B205、B207促进白术种子萌发的最适浓度为1× 10⁹ CFU/mL，最适处理时间为10 min。经B207发酵液处理后的种子发芽势、发芽率、胚根长、发芽指数和活力指数均显著提高，与对照相比分别提高64.2%、35.3%、37.2%、59.0%和119.9%，B205发酵液处理的白术种子各发芽指标也高于对照，但只有活力指数与对照相比达到显著水平。菌株B205、B207处理均能提高白术幼苗长势，尤其是B207处理后显著提高了白术植株的株高、鲜重、叶数和根系活力，提高率分别为27.2%、37.9%、24.0%和145.9%，对花蕾数和地上部干重也表现出明显的促进作用。此外，菌株B205和B207可产生IAA，在DF+培养基中B205和B207产IAA的量分别为29.58 μg/mL和25.62 μg/mL，均显著高于空白对照7.12 μg/mL。经16S rDNA和gyrB基因序列分析，菌株B205和B207为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌。因此，贝莱斯芽胞杆菌B205和B207均具有一定的防病促生效果，其中，B207是一株在白术生产上具有生防潜力的微生物菌株。

关键词: 白术根腐病, 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌, 抑菌活性, 防治效果, 促生作用

Abstract: Atractylodes macrocephala root rot disease poses a significant constraint on the production of A. macrocephala. The primary pathogens responsible for this disease are Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. In this study, antagonistic strains B205 and B207 were screened out from 228 bacterial strains isolated from soil samples by the plate confrontation method. The two strains exhibited average inhibition rates of 60.0% and 61.2% against F. oxysporum, and 61.4% and 63.5% against F. solani, respectively. Furthermore, pot experiments demonstrated that these strains had substantial control effects on A. macrocephala root rot disease, with preventing rates of 52.6% for B205 and 76.0% for B207. In addition to their biocontrol capabilities, the optimal concentration for B205 and B207 strains to promote the germination of A. macrocephala seeds was determined to be 1× 10⁹ CFU/mL, and the optimal treatment time was 10 minutes. When seeds were treated with the fermentation broth of B207, significant improvements were observed in various germination indicators compared to the control. Specifically, the germination potential, germination percentage, radicle length, germination index and vigor index increased by 64.2%, 35.3%, 37.2%, 59.0% and 119.9%, respectively. Although B205 fermentation broth also led to higher germination indicators than the control, only the vigor index showed a statistically significant increase. Pot experiments further revealed that both B205 and B207 strains could promote the growth of A. macrocephala seedlings. In particular, B207 treatment significantly increased the plant height, fresh weight, leaf number and root vitality of A. macrocephala plants, with an increase rate of 27.2%, 37.9%, 24.0% and 145.9%, respectively. It also showed a significant promoting effect on the number of buds and the aboveground dry weight. In addition, both B205 and B207 strains can produce IAA, and the amount of IAA produced by B205 and B207 in DF+ medium were 29.58 μg·mL^-1 and 25.62 μg·mL^-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control of 7.12 μg·mL^-1. Through 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, strains B205 and B207 were identified as Bacillus velezensis. This study indicates the potential of both B. velezensis B205 and B207 in preventing disease and promoting growth of A. macrocephala. Among them, B207 emerges as a particularly promising microbial strain with biocontrol potential in the production of A. macrocephala.

Key words: Atractylodes macrocephala root rot disease, Bacillus velezensis, antifungal activity, control effect, plant growth promotion

中图分类号:

S476.1

贺斌琪, 杜立新, 李子煦, 侯晓强, 刘晓微, 纪莉景. 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及对白术根腐病的防病促生效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(6): 1359-1368.

HE Binqi, DU Lixin, LI Zixu, HOU Xiaoqiang, LIU Xiaowei, JI Lijing. Isolation and Identification of Bacillus velezensis and the Growth Promotion and Disease Control Effect on Atractylodes macrocephala Root Rot Disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(6): 1359-1368.

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