农用酵素对油茶炭疽病的防治效果

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.067

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确农用酵素对油茶炭疽病的防控效果，本研究利用大蒜、辣椒、茶枯、橘皮、菠萝皮分别发酵制备农用酵素，通过生长抑制试验筛选出对油茶暹罗炭疽菌Colletotrichum siamense抑制效果较好的酵素及最佳抑制浓度，通过小区试验明确其对油茶炭疽病的防效，同时测定了酵素液中有机酸含量以探究其抑菌机理。试验结果表明，随着酵素用量的增加和作用时间的延长，五种酵素对病原菌的抑制效果逐渐增强。其中茶枯酵素抑菌效果最佳。酵素用量为15%时，茶枯酵素对暹罗炭疽菌的抑制率高达100%，优于咪鲜胺1000倍液处理组。小区试验结果显示，与对照组相比，茶枯酵素、菠萝皮酵素及混合酵素处理均延缓了油茶植株病害的发生。其中，茶枯酵素的防治效果最为显著，15%稀释浓度时，对油茶炭疽病的防治效果达71.3%，但仍低于咪鲜胺1000倍液处理组；酵素液中富含乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸等多种有机酸，其中茶枯酵素中乙酸含量最高为176.29 mg/mL。综上所述，本研究为油茶炭疽病的防治提供了一种经济有效的方法。

关键词: 油茶炭疽病, 暹罗炭疽菌, 农用酵素, 生物防治

Abstract: To evaluate the control effect of agricultural Jiaosu (AJ) against Camellia oleifera anthracnose, five types of AJ were prepared using garlic, chili, camellia seed meal, orange peel and pineapple peel, respectively. Inhibitory effects of AJ on Colletotrichum siamense were evaluated through growth inhibition assays to identify the most effective one and its optimal concentration. Field trials were conducted to determine their control efficacy against C. oleifera anthracnose, and the organic acid content in AJ was measured to explore the antimicrobial mechanism. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of all five types of AJ gradually increased with higher application rates and longer exposure time. Among them, AJ using camellia seed meal exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. At a concentration of 15%, it achieved an inhibition rate of 100% against C. siamense, outperforming the prochloraz 1000-time dilution treatment. Field trials indicated that treatments with AJ using camellia seed meal, pineapple peel, and mixed ferment extracts all delayed the onset of the disease compared to the control group. Camellia seed meal ferment extract showed the most significant control effect, with an efficacy of 71.3% at 15% concentration, though still lower than that of the prochloraz treatment. The ferment extracts were rich in organic acids such as acetic acid, lactic acid and malic acid, with acetic acid content being the highest in tea seed meal ferment extract at 176.29 mg/mL. In conclusion, this study provides an economical and effective alternative for controlling C. oleifera anthracnose.

Key words: Camellia oleifera anthracnose, Colletotrichum siamense, agricultural Jiaosu, biocontrol

中图分类号:

S476

肖畑, 高雨欣, 郭开发, 金晨钟, 郝亚伦. 农用酵素对油茶炭疽病的防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2025, 41(6): 1430-1438.

XIAO Tian, GAO Yuxin, GUO Kaifa, JIN Chenzhong, HAO Yalun. Control Efficacy of Agricultural Jiaosu against Camellia oleifera Anthracnose[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2025, 41(6): 1430-1438.

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