Identification of Pathogens in Cucumis melo and Assessment of Control Effect of Inflorescence Extracts from Allium galanthum

doi:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.008

Abstract

Abstract: The disease caused by Fusarium sp.was found on Cucumis melo in Kashgar,Xinjiang.The pathogen was isolated,purified and identified,and its pathogenicity was elucidated according to Koch’s postulates.The biotoxicity assay of the pathogen was conducted by using varying concentrations of methanol extract from the inflorescence of Allium galanthum.The control effect was evaluated using'Xinmixa 11'as the test material.The results showed that the colonies of the pathogen were radial,white and round,producing a light pink pigment.The conidial peduncle was bifurcated and branched,and the conidia were fusiform or falcate,obtuse at both ends or gradually becoming sharp at both ends,containing septa,mostly 3-5 septa,with a size range of (23.53-48.99)μm×(5.66-11.47)μm.Combined analysis of ITS,gene sequence,the pathogen was identified as Fusarium chlamydosporum.The pathogen caused root,stem,leaf wilt and fruit decay by infecting surface or wound of the plant.The results showed that the extract inhibited mycelial growth and spore yield,and the extract at 150 mg/mL completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen.The control efficacy of 150 mg/mL extract:amistar 1:1(V:V) on the infected plants reached 56.63%,and that of 150 mg/mL extract on infected fruits reached 21.01% and effectively reduced the melon disease index.The extract inhibited the osmoregulatory ability of F.chlamydosporum,increased fungal permeability,and affected normal metabolism,leading to growth inhibition.Additionally,it inhibited the activities of total cellulose enzyme,carboxymethyl cellulase,and β-glucosidase.After spraying the extracts,the antioxidant enzyme activities of host melon plants were elevated,MDA content was decreased,and the disease resistance of the plants was enhanced.A.galanthum is a plant source with good biocontrol effect and application prospect because of its preventive effect against F.chlamydosporum and its ability to improve the disease resistance of Cucumis melo.

Key words: Fusarium chlamydosporum, Allium galanthum, Cucumis melo, inhibition, prevention

CLC Number:

S476

LI Wenjing, WANG Ning, ZHAO Dan, LI Kemei, LIN Chenyi. Identification of Pathogens in Cucumis melo and Assessment of Control Effect of Inflorescence Extracts from Allium galanthum[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2024, 40(2): 458-468.

References

[1] 孙立新,王晓君,吴敬学,等.中国西瓜甜瓜生产区域布局变迁及驱动因素研究[J].中国农业资源与区划, 2023, 44(8):42-51.
[2] 王志慧,霍向东,李江峰,等.哈密淖毛湖主栽甜瓜病原微生物分离及鉴定[J].新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(5):1223-1230.
[3] Cristofano F, El-Nakhel C, Rouphael Y. Biostimulant substances for sustainable agriculture:origin, operating mechanisms and effects on cucurbits, leafy greens, and nightshade vegetables species[J]. Biomolecules, 2021, 11(8):1-36.
[4] Castiglione A M, Mannino G, Contartese V, et al. Microbial biostimulants as response to modern agriculture needs:composition role and application of these innovative products[J]. Plants, 2021, 10(8):1-25.
[5] 李少华.植物农药[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2012.
[6] 冯俊涛,石勇强,张兴,等. 56种植物抑菌活性筛选试验[J].西北农业大学学报, 2001, 29(2):65-68.
[7] 冯俊涛,祝木金,于平儒,等.西北地区植物源杀菌剂初步筛选[J].西北农林科技大学学报, 2002, 30(6):129-137.
[8] 陈少灿.间作分蘖洋葱提高番茄黄萎病抗病力的土壤微生物学机制[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2020.
[9] 文冰,吕巡贤,程路明,等.新疆两种野生葱浸提液对几种植物病原真菌的抑制作用[J].中国生物防治, 2001, 17(4):170-174.
[10] 宋莉.大蒜鳞茎粗提物对西瓜和黄瓜枯萎病的抑制效应及其机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2006.
[11] 吴晓婷,赖荣泉,米月娥,等.大蒜根系分泌物对烟草镰刀菌根腐病的控制作用[J].中国生物防治学报, 2021, 37(3):555-563.
[12] Kadyrbayeva G, Zagórska J, Grzegorczyk A, et al. The phenolic compounds profile and cosmeceutical significance of two Kazakh species of onions:Allium galanthum and A. turkestanicum[J]. Molecules, 2021, 26(18):5491.
[13] 杨柳青.实葶葱与伴生植物协同和竞争关系[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2021.
[14] 李文静,罗兰,林辰壹,等.实葶葱花序浸提液对西瓜食酸菌(Acidovorax citrulli)的抑制作用及防效[J/OL].分子植物育种, 2022, 1-20.
[15] Crous P W, Groenewald J Z, Risède J M, et al. Calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs:species with clavate vesicles[J]. Studies in Mycology, 2004, 50:415-430.
[16] 柏玉晶,姚玉玲,张振粉,等.紫花苜蓿根腐病原——厚垣镰刀菌的鉴定及其拮抗菌的筛选[J].草业学报, 2017, 26(2):78-87.
[17] 吴学宏,韩鲁明,陈倩,等.西瓜种传镰刀菌形态和分子鉴定及其对种子发芽的影响[J].植物病理学报, 2009, 39(2):118-124.
[18] 曹雪梅,李生兵,张惠玲,等.甘草根腐病病原菌鉴定[J].植物病理学报, 2014, 44(2):213-216.
[19] White T J, Bruns T, Lee S, et al. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics-sciencedirect[M]. Academic, New York, 1990, 315-322.
[20] Carbone I, Kohn L M. A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in Filamentous ascomycetes[J]. Mycologia, 1999, 91:553-556.
[21] Chien R C, Yen M T, Mau J L. Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of chitosan from shiitake stipes, compared to commercial chitosan from crab shells[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016, 138:259-264.
[22] Hopkins D L, Thompson C M. Evaluation of Cifrulfts sp. germplasm for resistance to Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulf[J]. Plant Disease, 2002, 86(1):61-64.
[23] 李合生,孙群,赵世杰,等.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000.
[24] 刘宪华,鲁逸人.环境生物化学试验教程[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006.
[25] Booth C.镰刀菌属[M].北京:农业出版社, 1998.
[26] 刘玲,王旭,张培光,等.大蓟总黄酮对尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型生长、生理的影响及其田间防治效果[J].植物保护学报, 2020, 47(3):628-636.
[27] 贾瑞芳,康立茹,赵远征,等.内蒙古阴山沿麓马铃薯枯萎病病原菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2023, 49(1):65-75.
[28] 范腕腕,李绍建,桑素玲,等.河南省花生果腐病病原菌的分离及鉴定[J/OL].中国油料作物学报, 2023, 1-8.
[29] 刘彦超,张贞明,金梦军,等.紫花苜蓿内生细菌的拮抗作用及优良拮抗菌株的鉴定和生物功能[J].草业科学, 2021, 38(10):1998-2007.
[30] 黄永红,魏岳荣,左存武,等.韭菜对香蕉枯萎病菌生长及香蕉枯萎病发生的抑制作用[J].西北植物学报, 2011, 31(9):1840-1845.
[31] 胡文杰,殷帅文,戴彩华,等.油樟中倍半萜化合物及其衍生物的合成与生物活性研究[J].浙江化工, 2021, 52(10):12-16.
[32] 夏玉莲,曹云,伍显锋,等.双叶细辛甲醇提取物对12种农业病原真菌抑菌活性研究[J].江西农业大学学报, 2021, 43(4):797-806.
[33] 姚春芝,蒋宇婷,杨玉婷,等.三七连作土壤浸提液对其根腐病菌的化感效应[J].应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7):2227-2235.
[34] 陈红兵,王金胜,张作刚,等.万寿菊根的提取物对西瓜枯萎病反应的抗性研究[J].植物病理学报, 2003, 33(5):439-443.