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The Occurrence Characteristics of Rice Diseases and Insect Pests and the Integration of Green Control Technology in China from 2013 to 2022
ZHUO Fuyan, CHEN Xuexin, XIA Yuxian, FU Qiang, WANG Su, XU Hongxing, HU Fei, ZHANG Jie
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
5
): 1207-1213. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.11.011
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Rice is the largest grain crop in China, and the control of rice diseases and insect pests are directly related to stable and increasing food production. Based on the analyses of the statistical data of plant protection in China from 2013 to 2022, this paper has summarized and reviewed the occurrence types, characteristics, areas and actual yield loss of rice diseases and insect pests and sorted out the control overview of rice diseases and insect pests, such as the control area, recovery yield loss, and the application of main control measures. In particular, the application area and development trend of green control technologies, such as ecological regulation, natural enemy’s protection and utilization are summarized. Meanwhile, This paper has analyzed and discussed the achievements of green control of rice diseases and insect pests from the perspectives of technology coverage and integrated content, put forward some suggestions for the next step of green control, aiming at providing references for the safe production of rice in China in the future.
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Research Progress on Green and Sustainable Management Technologies for
Spodoptera frugiperda
WEI Lei, NIE Ying, LI Yongjun
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2025, 41 (
1
): 207-219. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.004
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The fall armyworm,
Spodoptera frugiperda
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major worldwide disastrous pest. Since its invasion into China in 2019, the implementation of emergency chemical control measures yielded positive outcomes. However, the occurrence of
S. frugiperda
in China has now become common and year-round, necessitating a long-term approach for its management. Throughout the history of global pest control, reliance on chemical agents has invariably led to the development of pest resistance. Incidences of pesticide resistance in
S. frugiperda
have been reported in certain regions of China. Therefore, to mitigate the adverse effects of chemical pesticides and the risk of pesticide resistance, China's management strategies must transition towards green, efficient, precise, and sustainable approaches. On the basis of the regional control strategy and unified management strategy, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has advocated a management framework emphasizing biological control as the focal point, ecological and agricultural control as the foundation, and chemical control as the last resort. This article elaborates on recent technological advancements both domestically and internationally in biological control, ecological and agricultural control methods, with an emphasis on biological control. Additionally, it proposes future research directions and ideas to overcome existing challenges, aiming to provide guidance for the development of green management technologies in China.
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Advances in Biological Control of
Tuta absoluta
(Meyrick) Based on Predatory Natural Enemy Resources
LUO Taotao, YAN Shuyan, CAO Mengyu, ZHANG Jinghang, ZHANG Guifen, WAN Fanghao, ZHANG Ya, LI Tao, LIU Shuangqing, ZHANG Yibo
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
4
): 727-738. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.039
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Tuta absoluta
(Meyrick) is a major invasive alien species worldwide, which mainly damages tomato crops by mining leaves and fruits. Since its invasion in Yili, Xinjiang in 2017, it has spread to many provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China, with outbreaks in some places, seriously threatening the healthy production of China's tomato industry. At present, biological control based on predatory natural enemies is one of the main measures for integrated management of
T. absoluta
. So far, few review papers have been published on the predatory natural enemy resources of tomato leaf miner. Therefore, this paper systematically sorted out the species of predatory natural enemies of
T. absoluta
worldwide, summarized the predatory ability of predatory natural enemies of tomato leaf miner, the life parameters of predatory natural enemies of
T. absoluta
, and the effects of chemical pesticides on the prevention and control of
T. absoluta
by predatory natural enemies. The existing problems and development direction of
T. absoluta
control by predatory natural enemies were analyzed in order to provide reference for the biological control of
T. absoluta
in China.
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The Characteristic of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests in Greenhouse Horticulture and Its Green Control Strategy of China
WU Shengyong, ZHANG Mengdi, XU Jin, WANG Endong, CUI Li, LEI Zhongren, SHI Xiaobin, XIE Xuewen, WANG Shaoli, WANG Su, WEI Shujun, MA Zhongzheng, HE Limei, GAO Yulin
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
5
): 1169-1180. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.01.022
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Greenhouse horticultures has been rapid development in China, playing an important role in promotion agricultural modernization and rural revitalization. Based on the current trajectory of the horticulture industry in China, we first summarized the characteristic of plant diseases and insect pests and its control strategies, including the agricultural control, physical control, biological control, ecological regulation, biotechnology and science-based application of chemical pesticides. Finally, we put provide suggestions on the control of horticultural diseases and insect pests under protected conditions, providing baseline references for the sustainable development of horticultural industry.
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Screening and Effect of Compatible Bactericides Funqicides Combinated
Bacillus velezensis
FX1 on Pear Fire Blight
LI Xingchen, WANG Qian, SHENG Qiang, WANG Yifan, LUO Ming
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2025, 41 (
2
): 384-395. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.030
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To improve the control efficacy of pear fire blight and reduce the use of chemical bactericides, this study aimed to screen for synergistic combinations and optimal mixing ratios between the biocontrol strain
Bacillus velezensis
FX1 and compatible chemical bactericides. The biocompatibility of FX1 fermentation broth with seven tested bactericides was evaluated using plate colony counting and turbidimetry assays, while the synergistic effects of the combinations were determined by the Horsfall method. The control efficacy of the mixtures was further assessed through experiments on detached flowers of Pyrus sinkiangensis and potted
P. betulifolia
seedlings. Results showed that FX1 strain had poor compatibility with 5% zhongshengmycin WP, 20% thiazide copper SC, 20% thiazole zinc SC, 3% benziothiazolinone WDG, and 46% copper hydroxide WDG, moderate compatibility with 40% Kasugamycin thiazole zinc SC,and the best compatibility with 2% Kasugamycin AS. At low concentrations and recommended field application concentrations, the inhibition rate of 2%Kasugamycin AS on
B. velezensis
FX1 was less than 14%, and the endospore germination rate remained above 83% after 30 days of mixing culture. The in vitro toxicity of a mixture of FX1 fermentation broth and 2% Kasugamycin AS against
Erwinia amylovora
was determined by co-culturing, and the optimal compounding ratio was determined using the Horsfall method. The combination of FX1 fermentation broth and 2%Kasugamycin AS at a volume ratio of 6∶ 4, 5∶ 5 and 4∶ 6 inhibited the growth of
E. amylovora
by more than 70%, with a synergic ratio value (IR) greater than 1.7, exhibiting a significant synergistic effect. The control efficacy of these mixtures was evaluated using detached flowers of Pyrus sinkiangensis and potted
P. betulifolia
seedlings. Through spraying the combination of FX1 broth (1×10
6
cfu/mL) and 2% kasugamycin AS (2000 μg/mL) with volume ratios of 6∶ 4 and 5∶ 5, it was determined that the protective efficacy of over 85% against blossom blight on detached P. sinkiangensis flowers after 3 days treatments, while both protective and therapeutic efficacy reached over 80% on
P. betulifolia
seedlings after 7 days, and maintaining above 71% after 10 and 14 days. These results were significantly higher than that of single agent treatments or other combination treatments. Based on all the above results, and the principle of reducing chemical bactericides usage, the optimal mixing ratio of FX1 fermentation broth and 2% Kasugamycin AS was determined to be 6∶ 4. Notably, the combination of
B. velezensis
FX1 and 2% Kasugamycin AS not only decreases chemical usage， but also significantly enhances control efficacy for pear fire blight.
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Screening of
Bacillus velezensis
HMB28023 for Controlling Grape Gray Mold and Identification of Its Antifungal Active Compounds
ZHANG Xiaoyun, WANG Xuemei, CONG Rong, CHEN Xiuye, LU Xiuyun, LI Shezeng, GUO Qinggang, MA Ping
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2025, 41 (
1
): 122-131. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.005
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Grape gray mold caused by
Botrytis cinerea
which significantly reduces the yield and quality of grape, but there is a lack of safe and effective microbial fungicides for its control. In this study, the antagonistic activity of 27 bacteria with high antagonistic activity against
B. cinerea
derived from tomato, was determined by the confrontation culture method. It was found that the inhibition zone and inhibition rate of the same bacterial strain against
B. cinerea
derived from tomato and grape exhibited variable changes. A bacterial strain HMB28023, was further obtained based on detached leaves method, potting test and field test, which field control efficacy on grape gray mold reached 74.3%. Strain HMB28023 was identified as
Bacillus velezensis
through morphological characteristics, 16S rDNA as well as phylogenetic tree constructed by using multiple gene sequences of
gyr
A,
gyr
B,
rpo
B and
rpo
C. The results of detached leaves test indicated that the fermentation broth, cell free supernatant and bacterial suspension of strain HMB28023 all exhibited high biocontrol efficacy against grape gray mold, reaching 81.9%, 75.1% and 64.8%, respectively. The lipopeptide produced by strain HMB28023 was isolated through fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and identified by UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the lipopeptide comprised iturin A (C
14
—C
15
), fengycin (fengycin A (C
14
—C
17
) and fengycin B (C
16
—C
17
)), and surfactin (C
12
—C
16
). Both iturin A and fengycin showed strong inhibitory activities against the growth of
B. cinerea
, and also caused abnormal hyphal growth in vitro.
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Predation Abilities of Mite Anystis baccarum on Spider Mites Tetranychus turkestani and Tetranychus urticae
LI Mengdie, TANG Yang, LI Kun, WANG Jiahua, LI Yisong
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2025, 41 (
1
): 15-23. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.001
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Tetranychus turkestani
(Ugarov
et
Nikolski) and
Tetranychus urticae
(Koch) are the main pests of cotton.
Anystis baccarum
(Linnaeus) is an important predatory natural enemy of agricultural and forestry pests and mites. In order to clarify the predatory effect and biological control potential of
A. baccarum
on
T. turkestani
and
T. urticae
, the predatory selectivity and functional response of
A. baccarum
to each stage of the two spider mites and the interference effect of the density of
A. baccarum
on its predation were determined under laboratory conditions. The results showed that
A. baccarum
preferred the juvenile and nymph of
T. turkestani
and
T. urticae
, with selection coefficients Q of 1.87, 1.04 and 1.79, 1.12, respectively. The functional responses of
A. baccarum
to
T. turkestani
and
T. urticae
fitted well with Holling II type, and the predatory ability of
A. baccarum
to
T. turkestani
and
T. urticae
juveniles was the strongest, with
a
/
T
h
of 18.751 and 25.391, respectively. The predatory ability on nymphs was the second, with
a
/
T
h
of 9.182 and 10.919, respectively. The
a
/
T
h
on
T. urticae
juveniles and nymphs were higher by 35.4% and 18.9% than those on
T. turkestani
, respectively. The 1/
T
h
(43.478, 27.029) on
T. urticae
juveniles and nymphs were higher by 21.7% and 18.9% than those on
T. turkestani
(35.718, 22.727), respectively. A comprehensive comparison of the
a
/
T
h
and 1/
T
h
on the two spider mites showed that the predatory ability of
A. baccarum
on
T. urticae
was stronger than that of T. urkestani. There was strong self-interference response and competition when
A. baccarum
preyed on the two spider mites, and the intraspecific interference was greater when
T. turkestani
was the prey. In summary,
A. baccarum
has good predatory ability on
T. turkestani
and
T. urticae
and is a potential biological control agent worthy of propagation.
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Development of Microbial Seed Coating Agents and Its Control Effect on Maize Stalk Rot
GUO Ning, MA Hongxia, ZHANG Haijian, SHI Jie, LIU Shusen, SUN Hua, ZHENG Xiaojuan
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
5
): 1054-1065. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.046
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In this study,
Trichoderma
strains with good control effects on maize stalk rot were screened by plate confrontation test, maize seed germination characteristics analysis and greenhouse pot experiments. The type, dosage and best combination of auxiliaries were determined by physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and orthogonal tests. Control effect of the developed biological seed coating agents on maize stalk rot was verified. The results showed that 17 of 109
Trichoderma
strains exhibited antagonistic activity against
Fusarium graminearum
with an average inhibitory rate of over 70%, among which 6 strains had the best control efficacy ranging from 80.33% to 85.64% on maize stalk rot at seedling stage. The active ingredients of two biological seed coating agents with
T. asperellum
strain Tr34 and
T. afroharzianum
strain Tr35 were developed, followed as 106 chlamydospores/mL, 0.2% xanthan gum, 2% sodium lignonate, 5% beinon film forming agent 1, and 1% 100 mg/mL streptomycin. When the ratios were 1:200 and 1:100, the biological seed coating agents Tr 34 and Tr 35 had the best control effect on maize stalk rot, with the efficacies of 81.14% and 83.18%, respectively. The biological seed coating agents Tr 34 and Tr 35 could effectively reduce the incidence of maize stalk rot, which lays a foundation for further field application.
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Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Fungi against Root Rot of Tea Plants and Their Effect on Disease Control and Plant Growth Promotion
DENG Yulian, TAN Lin, JI Jinjun, LI Guihua, HUANG Hong, SHI Zihan, HU Qiulong
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
4
): 914-926. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.036
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In order to obtain the antagonistic fungi with good antagonistic effect on
Fusarium cugenangense
, fungal strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tea plants with root rot infection by dilution coating plate method, and a strain with high antagonistic activity was screened by plate confrontation method and identified based on morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis methods. The disease prevention and growth promotion property, inhibition spectrum, and inhibition activity of volatile and non-volatile metabolites were determined. The inhibition ability of fermentation broth of antagonistic strain against
F. cugenangense
was evaluated. The results showed that a strain CA5 with high inhibitory effect on tea root rot pathogen was obtained and identified as
Talaromyces pinophilus
. Its plate inhibition rate against
F. cugenangense
was 77.39%. The strain CA5 had the ability to produce cellulase,
β
-1,3 glucanase and chitinase, and also had inorganic phosphorus and organophosphate solubilities, potassium solubility and nitrogen fixation capacities, as well as the ability to produce siderophore, IAA and ammonia. Inhibition rates of strain CA5 on other 8 plant pathogens were all greater than 60%. Inhibition rates of volatile and non-volatile metabolites on mycelial growth of tea root rot pathogen were 14.90% and 44.33%, respectively. Inhibition rates of fermentation broth, suspension and sterile fermentation filtrate on mycelial growth of tea root rot pathogen were 73.42%, 67.32% and 25.75%, respectively. Pot experiment showed that the control efficacy against tea root rot disease was 56.11%, and the strain had a promoting effect on the growth of tea seedlings. In conclusion, the strain CA5 has great application potential in the prevention and control of tea root rot.
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Research Progress on Biological Control of Root Rot Disease in Root- and Rhizome-Derived Traditional Chinese Medicines
XIAO Ouli, WANG Jiale, CHEN Jieyin, DAI Xiaofeng, KONG Zhiqiang
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2025, 41 (
3
): 511-519. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.037
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With the scarcity of wild medicinal plant resources and the increase in market demand, conventionally cultivated medicinal plants have become the dominant source in the market. However, due to soil degradation, imbalance in the rhizosphere microbial community, and the accumulation of allelopathic and autotoxic substances, root rot has emerged as a major disease in the cultivation of root- and rhizome-derived traditional Chinese medicines (RR-TCMs) in single, intensive, large-scale cultivation. It has a high incidence rate and is difficult to control, severely affecting the yield and quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Currently, the application of microbial biocontrol agents in the control of diseases and pests of medicinal plants offers promising prospects for the sustainable development of TCMs. This paper presents a review of the antagonistic microorganisms and biological control mechanisms of root rot disease in RR-TCMs, aiming to provide a reference for the control of root rot.
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Preparation of Wettable Powder Formulation of
Trichoderma harzianum
M-17 Chlamydospores and Its Field Control Effect on Potato Dry Rot
WANG Xigang, GUO Chengjin, JIAO Yang, ZHAO Pei, TIAN Jing, ZHANG Lirong, SHEN Ruiqing
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
6
): 1319-1330. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.061
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To development an efficient biocontrol antimicrobial agent of potato dry rot and prolong the shelf of the product, this study utilized
Trichoderma harzianum
M-17 as the primary research object. Single factor selection and formulation optimization were used to obtain the wettable powder (WP). The optimal formulation of WP was chlamydospore powder (20%), attapulgite (68%) as carrier, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (4%) as wetting agent, sodium carboxylcellulose (7%) as dispersion, and ascorbic acid (1%) as UV protective agent. The chlamydospore content of this WP was 3.1×10
8
CFU/g, the wetting time was 56.5 s, the spore suspension rate was 82.27%, pH 6.79, the moisture content was 2.26%, the ratio transiting standard test sieve with 74 µm was 98%. All indicators meet the national standards. The results of field experiments showed that
T. harzianum
M-17 chlamydospore wettable powder could promote the growth of potato plants and indicated a good control effect on potato dry rot, with a control efficacy of 70.32% and a yield increase rate of 19.03%. This study lays a technical foundation for the development of
T. harzianum
M-17 chlamydospore wettable powder into a microbial fungicide for the control of potato soil-borne diseases.
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Effects of Host Plant and Temperature on the Development and Reproduction of
Tetranychus truncatus
Ehara
Tuerxun·Ahemaiti, LIU Shuai, Aerziguli·Rouzi, WANG Bing, HA Ziyi, JIA Zunzun, DING Xinhua, FU Kaiyun, LI Kemei, GUO Wenchao
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
6
): 1228-1236. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.07.005
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Tetranychus truncatus
Ehara has a wide distribution, heterogeneous diet, fast reproduction rate, strong drug resistance and short-term outbreaks, making it an important pest mite that is seriously harmful and difficult to control, and the mite can also be used as a high-quality natural feed for some natural enemies insects. In this study, the effects of different host plants and temperature on the growth, development and reproduction of
T. truncatus
were studied. The results showed that the generation development of
T. truncatus
could be completed successfully at 25 ℃, 28 ℃, 31 ℃ and 34 ℃. At 28 ℃, the population doubling time (0.15) and Innate capacity for incease (1.73) were the shortest, the Net reproductive rate (80.26) and the Finite rate of increase (5.64) were higher than the other three temperatures, and the spawning period of
P. sericulata
was basically consistent with that at 25 ℃. But the spawning yield was higher than 25 ℃ continuously. After feeding on 8 host plants, there were significant differences in the life span of each mite state and the early oviposition stage, and the mite could survive and reproduce on 4 host plants, namely green bean, corn, eggplant and pepper, and the reproductive population showed an increasing trend, in which the number of oviposition was in the order of green beanm, corn, eggplant, pepper, peanut, tomato, cotton. The oviposition period of
T. truncatus
prunus on eggplant and green bean was basically the same, with the longest oviposition period reaching 28 d. The oviposition period of
T. truncatus
prunus on pepper was the shortest, with the longest oviposition period only reaching 21 d. In conclusion, the most suitable temperature and host plant for the growth and development of
Tetramethylus prunus
were 28 ℃ and green bean, respectively. In conclusion, the most suitable temperature and host plant for the growth and development of
T. truncatus
frustum were 28 ℃ and green bean, respectively. The aim of this study was to screen out the rather host and temperature for indoor breeding of
T. truncatus
laminae, so as to provide a stable feed source for the breeding of natural enemy insects, and also provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive management of
T. truncatus
laminae.
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Isolation and Identification of
Burkholderia cenocepacia
YM12 and Its Control Effect on Cucumber Soft Rot Disease
WEI Xinchen, WANG Qiao, SHI Bin, XIE Xuewen, SHI Yanxia, CHAI Ali, LI Baoju, LI Lei
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
5
): 1088-1098. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.059
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Soft rot of cucumber is a bacterial disease caused by
Pectobacterium brasiliense
. The disease is serious and difficult to control. In order to screen biocontrol microorganisms with high antibacterial effect, a strain YM12 with significant inhibitory effect on
P. brasiliense
was isolated from cucumber rhizosphere soil. Through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical determination and multi-gene phylogenetic tree analysis, the strain was identified as
Burkholderia cenocepacia
. Analysis of antibiotic synthesis-related genes showed that strain YM12 might also produce Pyrrolnitrin and Pyhluteorin. Analysis of biocontrol traits characteristics confirmed that YM12 had the ability to produce phosphatase protease and pyoverdine. The strain had antagonistic effects on 5 pathogenic bacteria and 3 pathogenic fungi by antimicrobial spectrum analysis. Pot experiment showed that strain YM12 had obvious control effect on cucumber soft rot, with the efficacy of 62.84%.In summary, strain YM12 is the first reported
B. cenocepacia
with biocontrol effect on bacterial soft rot, which has high biocontrol research value and development and application potential.
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Screening of Endophytic Fungi of
Andrographis paniculata
Resistant to
Ralstonia solanacearum
Infecting Peanuts and Study of Their Inhibitory Components
HUANG Jin, HU Jinwen, DING Mei, YANG Fan, LUO Wenrong, DU Qin
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2025, 41 (
2
): 396-410. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.028
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To identify potential biocontrol strains against peanut bacterial wilt caused by
Ralstonia solanacearum
, we screened endophytic fungi of
Andrographis paniculata
leaves using the Oxford cup inhibition method. A strain with strong inhibitory activity against
R. solanacearum
was isolated and identified as
Colletotrichum
sp. CXL-11 based on morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. We further investigated its antibacterial mechanism through co-culture experiments and analyzed the antifungal components in its fermentation extract using LC-MS metabolomics. The bioactivity of selected metabolites against
R. solanacearum
was also validated. The results showed that the fermentation extract of CXL-11 produced an inhibition zone of 19.08 mm against
R. solanacearum
, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.625 mg/mL. The extract disrupted the membrane integrity of
R. solanacearum
, causing surface shrinkage and deformation of bacterial cells, and induced oxidative stress through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the primary antifungal components were polyketides and coumarins, including isogentisin, bergapten, scopoletin, scopolin, and esculetin, all of which exhibited inhibitory effects against
R. solanacearum
. The biosynthesis pathway of cofactors was identified as a key mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of CXL-11. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus
Colletotrichum
sp. CXL-11 demonstrates significant potential as a biocontrol agent for peanut bacterial wilt. This study provides theoretical support for the development of natural antimicrobial agents and highlights the promising application of CXL-11 in sustainable disease management.
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Control Effect of Wuyiencin and Cyprodinil on
Botrytis cinerea
ZHANG Xiaocui, XU Chunli, ZHOU Qianying, LIAO Yutong, SHI Liming, GE Beibei
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2025, 41 (
1
): 156-164. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2025.02.004
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Biological pesticides have been demonstrated to be both safe and highly effective. The combination of these biopesticides with chemical pesticides allow for a reduction in the application dosage of chemicals while simultaneously increasing control efficacy. In this study, the synergistic combination of wuyiencin and cyprodinil was screened out. The effects on mycelial growth and conidial germination of
Botrytis cinerea
under optimal combination conditions were determined. Additionally, the efficacy of this combination in controlling
Botrytis cinerea
on detached leaves of grape was evaluated. The results showed that the synergistic effect was the most significant when the ratio of wuyiencin to cyprodinil was 9:1, and the toxocity ratio was 1.678. The combination caused hyphae expanded irregularly and grew abnormally, significantly inhibited mycelial growth, and impeded conidial germination of
Botrytis cinerea
. The control efficacy on detached grape leaves and fruits was 75.19% and 66.67%, respectively, exhibiting a significant increase of 16.53%－27.06% and 19.05%－30.16% compared to the single treatment. This study provides a theoretical basis for the enhanced control efficacy of
Botrytis cinerea
through the combination of wuyiencin and cyprodinil. It also offers technical guidance for the environmentally friendly and efficient management strategies.
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Antagonism of Bacillus velezensis HY19 against Pathogens Causing Rot of Postharvest Citrus Fruit
LI Wei, ZHANG Ruixuan, SUI Zongming, HAN Leng, HUANG Jianguo
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
5
): 1113-1119. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.048
Abstract
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558
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Penicillium digitatum
,
P. italicum
,
Geotrichum citri-aurantii
and
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
are the major pathogens infecting postharvest citrus fruit. It is necessary to develop effective safe and economical agent for control of these diseases. Thus, we investigated the antagonism of
Bacillus velezensis
HY19, a self-isolated biocontrol bacterium, against the four major pathogens, and their control efficacies against
C. gloeosporioides
infection on postharvest citrus fruit by microbial culture and fruit wound infection experiment. The results showed
B.velezensis
HY19 produced siderophores, chitinase and antifungal substances in soluble and volatile forms. Subsequently, both fungus-free fermentation broth and volatile organic compound produced from
B. velezensis
HY19 significantly increased O
2
-
but decreased proteins in the pathogen hyphae, leading to the antagonism against
P. digitatum
,
P. italicum
,
G. citri-aurantii
and
C. gloeosporioides
. The fermentation broth also significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in citrus peels, which might benefit the elimination of reactive oxygen species and alleviate the damage to fruit tissues and cells caused by pathogens. The control efficacy of
B. velezensis
HY19 fermentation broth plus prochloraz at half of the recommended dosage (79%) against the rate of wound infection by
C. gloeosporioides
was equivalent to that of prochloraz at the recommended dosage (76%), but greater than
B. velezensis
HY19 fermentation broth (65%) and prochloraz at half of the recommended dosage (59%). Therefore, the mechanisms of
B. velezensis
HY19 against
C. gloeosporioides
infection of wounds on postharvest citrus fruit could be iron competition with pathogen fungi, degradation of fungal cell walls, production of antibacterial substances, destruction of cell structure, inhibition on protein synthesis, and induction of systematic resistance in fruit..
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Effects of Host Plant and Prey on Nymphal Survival and Development of the Omnivorous Predator,
Nesidiocoris tenuis
TIAN Yanli, YANG Yixin, ZHANg Yulu, WANG Xiaowei, LIU Yinquan
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
3
): 542-549. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.01.022
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551
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The omnivorous predator,
Nesidiocoris tenuis
, is an important natural enemy of various insect pests. It can survive by feeding on some plants when prey is scarce. Thus, data of performance of
N. tenuis
on various plants and in the presence/absence of prey are essential to the development of banker plant systems for utilizing this predator in biological control of insect pests. In this study, we tested for the performance of
N. tenuis
feeding on three nectar resource plants (sesame, alyssum, and buckwheat) and two crops (cotton and pakchoi), using detached leaves with or without
Bemisia tabaci
adults as prey and intact plants. Our results showed that in the absence of the prey with detached leaves, 85.2% and 80.0% of the
N. tenuis
nymphs developed into adults on sesame and pakchoi, with developmental durations of 15.0 and 19.2 days, respectively. In contrast, the
N. tenuis
nymphs only reached the 4
th
, 3
rd
, 3
rd
and 2
nd
instars on buckwheat, alyssum, cotton and the water control, respectively. In the presence of the prey, the
N. tenuis
nymphs could develop into adults on detached leaves of all the five plant species, with the shortest nymphal developmental duration of 11.8 days and the highest proportion of eclosion of 83.3% on sesame. The survival and development of the
N. tenuis
nymphs on intact plants of the five plant species were similar to those on the detached leaves, and only the nymphs on sesame and pakchoi developed into adults at rates of 93.3% and 66.7%, respectively. The sex ratio of
N. tenuis
was approximately 0.6 under all conditions tested, and there was no significant difference in the nymphal developmental duration between male and female insects. The feasibility of establishing banker plant systems with this important omnivorous predator for the biological control of insect pests is discussed.
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Identification of Bacteria strain Sneb2010 and Its Control Effect on Melon
Fusarium
Wilt
WU Ji, ZHU Xiaofeng, WANG Yuanyuan, LIU Xiaoyu, ZHAO Di, YANG Ning, DUAN Yuxi, FAN Haiyan, CHEN Lijie
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
6
): 1331-1346. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.063
Abstract
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547
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Melon
Fusarium
wilt is a serious soil-borne disease caused by
Fusarium oxyporum
f. sp.
melonis
. In this study, the bacteria strain Sneb2010 with significant inhibitory effect on
F. oxyporum
f. sp.
melonis
was selected from 688 strains of bacteria by the dual culture technique, and the inhibition rate was 78.45%. The bacterium Sneb2010 was identified as
Bacillus velezensis
by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics combined with 16S rDNA and
gyrA
sequence analysis. The mycelium growth and spore germination of
F. oxyporum
f. sp.
melonis
were significantly inhibited by strain Sneb2010. After Sneb2010 treatment, the mycelia of
F. oxyporum
f. sp.
melonis
in the inhibited area showed abnormal phenomena, such as wizened, wrinkled, irregular protrusion and fracture. Strain Sneb2010 could promote the germination of melon seeds and the growth of seedlins. It was found that the strain Sneb2010 could produce protease and had the ability of biofilm forming. In addition, strain Sneb2010 showed strong inhibitory effects on a variety of pathogenic fungi. The results of pot experiment showed that, the control effect of Sneb2010 on melon
Fusarium
wilt was 64.29%, the number of pathogens decreased by 47%. In conclusion,
B. velezensis
Sneb2010 could effectively control melon
Fusarium
wilt, and provide a new potential biocontrol resource for the biological control of melon
Fusarium
wilt.
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Isolation and Identification of
Bacillus tequilensis
YB-1145 and Evaluation of Its Biocontrol Effects on Wheat Crown Rot
LIU Qingxiang, XU Wen, DONG Qianqian, XIA Mingcong, ZHANG Jie, SUN Runhong, WU Chao, WU Kun, YANG Lirong
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
4
): 884-893. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.037
Abstract
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545
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In order to identify a biocontrol strain for wheat crown rot, strain YB-1145 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of wheat using the plate confrontation method. This strain exhibited significant inhibition of mycelium growth in six plant pathogens, including
Fusarium pseudograminearum
. Based on its morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical indicators, 16S rDNA and
gyrA
identification results, the strain was identified as
Bacillus tequilensis
. Biocontrol studies have demonstrated that YB-1145 has the capacity to secrete
β
-1, 3-glucanase, protease, IAA and solubilize inorganic phosphorus. Compared to the control, inoculation with YB-1145 suspension of 1×10
8
cfu/mL resulted in 76.1% reduction of wheat crown rot,17.1% increase of root length, 22.6% increase of plant height, and 71.4% increase of fresh weight. Following treatment with YB-1145, activities of PPO, CAT, PAL, POD and LOX in wheat seedling leaves were significantly enhanced. These findings indicate that the YB-1145 strain possesses substantial biocontrol potential through pathogen inhibition and growth promotion.
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Virulence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to
Holotrichia parallela
Larvae
ZHANG Cailing, WANG Zhimin, WANG Siyu, Ibrahim Osman, LI Kebin, ZHANG Shuai, CAO Yazhong, WANG Senshan, YIN Jiao
Chinese Journal of Biological Control 2024, 40 (
5
): 1009-1014. DOI:
10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.03.025
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542
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The pathogenicity of seven entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against the late 1
st
instar larvae of
Holotrichia parallela
was tested in laboratory to screen the effective strains of entomopathogenic nematodes for the
H. parallela
control, and the most suitable environmental conditions of strains were identified. Results showed that pathogenicity of seven EPNS strains were different under laboratory conditions, the
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
(D26-6) had the strongest pathogenicity to the larvae of
H. parallela
. In addition, temperature, soil moisture and dosage of EPNs all take effects on the pathogenicity. The optimum temperature and soil moisture for H. bacteriophora (D26-6) infection were 25 ℃ and 18% respectively, when the ratio of
H. parallela
larvae to D26-6 nematodes was 1:100, the mortality of
H. parallela
larvae can reach 100% after 11 days.
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