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Visual System and Opsin in Insect TANG Yanhong, BI Siyan, WANG Xiaodi, MA Dongfang, YANG Nianwan, GUO Jianyang, LÜ Zhichuang, LIU Wanxue Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 718-730.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.05.004 Abstract （357）      PDF（pc） （1851KB）（6327）       Knowledge map    Save Insects have a well-developed and sensitive visual system, and opsin is a basic component of animal vision, and its structure largely determines the sensitivity of visual pigments to light of different wavelengths. The duplication and differentiation of opsin genes are the main mechanisms for the production of new light pigment sensitivity. Throughout the evolution of animals, many instances of opsin gene duplication and loss have occurred, forming the sensitivity of the various animal visual systems we observe today. In recent years, extensive and in-depth research has been carried out on visual proteins. This article describes the types of photoreceptors, the color vision system of insects, the classification of visual proteins, the phenomenon of co-expression of visual proteins, the duplication and deletion of visual protein genes, and the mechanism and research status of the physiological functions of visual proteins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Chaetomium globosum in Promoting Growth and Preventing Disease and Advance of Its Application and Research FENG Chaohong, LI Lijuan, ZHANG Jiaojiao, WANG Junmei, SONG Yuli, LI Haohai, XU Fei Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (4): 961-969.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.043 Abstract （452）      PDF（pc） （432KB）（6056）       Knowledge map    Save Chaetomium globosum, one of common plant endophytic fungi, possesses potential biocontrol function against many plant diseases. This paper summarized the research advances of Chaetomium globosum on biocontrol effect, and its biocontrol mechanisms, which include antibiosis, growth-promoting effect, induction of plant resistance, niche and nutrient competition, and hyperparasitism. Chaetomium globosum exhibits great application potential on plant disease control and growth promotion, soil improvement, and straw degradation. Advances on the fermentation technology and genetic engineering were also illuminated. This study will provide theoretical references for the application research of Chaetomium globosum as biocontrol agent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on Ecological Regulation to Crop Pests using Agricultural Biodiversity YAN Xueying, WANG Hui, ZHANG Yanjun, ZHAO Jianning, YANG Dianlin, ZHANG Guilong Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 710-717.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.05.003 Abstract （347）      PDF（pc） （393KB）（5642）       Knowledge map    Save At present, in the context of protecting biodiversity, maintaining the sustainable and healthy development of ecosystems and reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides, using agricultural biodiversity to control pests has become one of the hotspots in domestic and foreign research. Agricultural biodiversity is important for maintaining the function of agricultural ecosystem and the control of crop pests are of great significance. This paper briefly describes the concept and current situation of agricultural biodiversity, and summarizes the scientific principles or theories of pest ecological regulation of biodiversity, starting from the protection of agricultural biodiversity by non-agricultural habitats and its influencing factors on agricultural biodiversity. The methods and specific applications of ecological regulation to crop pests using agricultural biodiversity are analyzed at the three levels of farmland, farmland boundary and farmland landscape pattern, and finally put forward the development direction of ecological regulation to crop pests using agricultural biodiversity, which provides knowledge, principles, methods and technical support for effective pest ecological regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of Genetic Manipulation System for Streptomyces pratensis S10 HU Lifang, CHENG Jing, JIA Ruimin, WANG Yang Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 624-635.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.029 Abstract （233）      PDF（pc） （3493KB）（4376）       Knowledge map    Save Streptomyces pratensis S10 was isolated from tomato leaf mould, exhibiting a potential application in biological control. It is of great significance to establish an efficient and stable genetic manipulation system to carry out gene-directed modification, improve the level of gene expression, and further explore the biocontrol molecular mechanism of S. pratensis S10. In this study, a genetic transformation system based on intergeneric conjugation was optimized in S. pratensis S10, the temperature sensitive vector pKC1139 was used as the plasmid, Escherichia coli ET12567 (pUZ8002) used as the donor strain, and S. pratensis S10 was the recipient. The results show that the optimum conjugation transformation with a conjugation efficiency of 8.3×10-7was developed under following conditions: Gauze’s medium No.1 as S. pratensis S10 and E. coli junction transfer medium, spores were heat shocked at 50 ℃ for 10 min, 1:100 for donor-recipient ratio, 25 μg/mL apramycin coverage 16 h post transconjugation, and adding MgCl2 till final concentration of 15 mmol/L. Subsequently, based on the above optimized genetic manipulation system, a double-crossover mutant of a regulating gene was successfully obtained. A stable and efficient genetic manipulation system for S. pratensis S10 was developed, which lays a solid foundation for the further constructing high-yield strain and studying the active substance biosynthesis mechanism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Inhibitiory Active Substances of Penicillium bilaiae Strain 47M-1 Based on Non-Targeted Metabolomics ZHAO Xinbei, NI Yunxia, LIU Xintao, ZHAO Hui, YAN Wenqing, HE Bipo, LIU Hongyan Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (5): 1156-1171.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.055 Abstract （198）      PDF（pc） （1605KB）（4271）       Knowledge map    Save Strain 47M-1 of Penicillium bilaiae showed significant inhibitory effect on a variety of sesame pathogenic fungi. In order to analyze the inhibitiory active substances produced by this strain, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the metabolites of strain cultured for 48 h, 96 h and 144 h. Then, classification of up-regulated differential metabolites in the HMDB database and enrichment of KEGG metabolic pathways were analyzed in order to identify the active metabolites. A total of 105 up-regulated differential metabolites were detected, which were mainly enriched in the superclasses of phenylpropanoids and polyketides. The enrichment analysis of the KEGG metabolic pathways showed that the up-regulated differential metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of cofactors, purine metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids and ABC transporters. The inhibitiory activities of some up-regulated differential metabolites were verified using medicated plate method. These compounds naringenin, protocatechuic acid, D-(-)-quinic acid, hesperetin, 3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 5, 7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one, rosmarinic acid, bergapten and eriodictyol all showed excellent inhibition activities against sesame pathogenic fungi. In this study, the major groups and key metabolic pathways of potential inhibition metabolites produced by strain 47M-1 were identified, and the inhibitiory activity of some up-regulated differential metabolites was verified. This study will provide data support for the further development and utilization of strain 47M-1 and the research and development of microbial pesticide. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Antifungal Mechanism Analysis and Verification of Bacillus velezensis Ba-0321 Based on Whole Genome Sequencing LI Xiaojie, QIU Rui, LIU Chang, YAO Chenxiao, BAI Jingke, CHEN Yuguo, LI Shujun Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (4): 885-894.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.035 Abstract （246）      PDF（pc） （2615KB）（3418）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus velezensis Ba-0321, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco plants, is a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with strong antifungal activity. It has a good potential in biocontrol application. In the study, the inhibitory effects of strain Ba-0321 sterile filtrate on Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora nicotianae were determined by methods of co-culture. The whole genome of strain Ba-0321 was sequenced using the second-generation Illumina and the third-generation Nanopore platform, then analyzed for genome assembly, gene functional annotation, prediction of secondary metabolite synthetic gene clusters. The results showed that the sterile filtrate of strain Ba-0321 has inhibitory effects on both F. oxysporum and P. nicotianae. The culture medium containing 10% sterile filtrate has a higher inhibitory rate on the mycelial growth of the two pathogens, reaching 57.38% and 34.30%, respectively. The results of whole genome sequencing showed that the genome size of strain Ba-0321 was 4099109 bp, including 3897 coding genes, and the sequencing data are available in the GenBank database (accession No. CP101904). There were a large number of genes encoding enzymes, terpene, polyketone metabolic pathways, and genes involved in defense mechanisms have been annotated in the GO, COG and KEGG databases. Using anti-SMASH software, 13 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters were predicted encoding antibacterial substances such as Surfactin、Fengycin、difficidin、Bacillaene、Bacillibactin、Macrolactin H、Bacilysin. The existence of biosynthetic gene cluster for antibacterial substances and defence machainsm related genes in Ba-0321 strain genome were verified by PCR amplification and sequencing. The enzyme activity test results showed that the strain has resistant enzyme activities such as protease, chitinase, and cellulase.. This study provides a basis for analyzing the antimicrobial mechanism of strain Ba-0321 and mining antifungal related gene resources at the genomic level, which is of a great significance for research and application of the Ba-0321 strain in future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on Biology, Ecology and Biological Control of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) TANG Liangde, ZANG Liansheng Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 697-709.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.05.002 Abstract （298）      PDF（pc） （467KB）（3282）       Knowledge map    Save The ladybeetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptea: Coccinellidae) is one of the dominant natural enemies of various insect pests in agroforestry ecosystem due to wide distribution, common occurrence in field, high reproductive rate, wide feeding range, excellent predation ability and strong adaptability, thus there is a bright development prospect to develop this predator. In this article we reviewed the research progress on C. sexmaculata in recent 40 years, mainly focusing on the taxonomy, biological characteristics, biological control, artificial rearing, and insecticide impacts. In addition, the prospects for the future studies and application of C. sexmaculata were also discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comparative Transcriptomic Profiles Revealed JA- and SA- Regulated Soft Rot Disease Resistance by Bacillus velezensis BCP6 in Amorphophallus konjac ZHANG Meng, CHEN Sen, TANG Dengguo, HUANG Yan, LONG Zhijian, WANG Boya, HU Shanglian, CAO Ying Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2024, 40 (6): 1375-1385.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.060 Abstract （97）      PDF（pc） （4362KB）（2449）       Knowledge map    Save The application of Bacillus velezensis has been proven to significantly enhance the resistance to soft rot in Amorphophallus konjac, yet its precise biological control mechanisms remain unclear. This study explored the effects of B. velezensis BCP6 on the defense pathways of A. konjac in response to P. aroidearum MY11 infection through comparative transcriptome analysis. Differential expression analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) revealed that BCP6 application upregulated pathways related to jasmonic acid (JA), reactive oxygen species, and cell wall synthesis, thereby activating the basic defense system of A. konjac. This immune activation facilitated the rapid initiation of defense responses when subjected to subsequent P. aroidearum infection by enhancing the JA-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) and SA-dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling pathways. Simultaneously, a significant increase in the expression of genes involved in cell wall formation and pathogenesis-related proteins was observed, effectively enhancing resistance to soft rot. Meanwhile, exogenous JA treatment was found to directly stimulate the expression of cell wall-related genes, namely CESA2 and CSI1, while SA significantly induced the expression of SA-dependent defense genes TLP and E13C. The results provided a theoretical basis for biological control and disease-resistant breeding of konjac. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Development of Biological Pesticides Based on RNA Interference GAO Liwen, CHEN Shiguo, ZHANG Yu, QIANG Sheng Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2022, 38 (3): 700-715.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.11.015 Abstract （730）      PDF（pc） （511KB）（2285）       Knowledge map    Save RNA interference, also known as post transcriptional gene silencing, is an emerging new genetic engineering technique that can effectively silence or inhibits the expression of target genes. Biopesticides based on RNA interference are considered as a revolutionary technique in the field of plant protection in the future, which will completely change the ideas and strategies of controlling agricultural diseases, insects, weeds and other pests. Here, the basic principle and development process of RNA interference were briefly reviewed. The current status of research and application of RNAi biopesticides was summarized. The opportunities and challenges to develop RNAi biopesticides as well as its development prospect were deeply analyzed. This review serves to provide some valuable references for the development of RNAi biopesticides in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of Biocontrol Bacteria against Cucumber Target Spot ZHANG Xiaoyun, Cong Rong, GUO Qinggang, LU Xiuyun, SU Zhenhe, CHEN Xiuye, LI Shezeng, MA Ping Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (1): 194-203.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.002 Abstract （315）      PDF（pc） （1178KB）（2283）       Knowledge map    Save Cucumber target spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola is a serious disease of cucumber in recent years. Bacterial strain HMB28521 with potential biocontrol ability for cucumber target spot was obtained by dual culture method and pot experiment in greenhouse. Strain HMB28521 was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, as well as phylogenetic tree inferred from the alignment sequence of gyrA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoC. Lipopeptides iturin, fengycin, and surfactin were isolated, purified and identified from strain HMB28521 by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS. The iturin and fengycin showed strong inhibitory abilities against the growth of C. cassiicola, as well as causing abnormal hyphal growth in vitro. This study provided new resources for the biological control of cucumber target leaf spot and a theoretical basis for further clarifying the action mechanism of the biocontrol bacteria. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Inhibition Effect and Transcriptome Analysis of Isooctyl alcohol on Botrytis cinerea DUAN Tiankun, WANG Yan, YUAN Jiaqi, SU Yaxin, SHI Luxin, WANG Lin, SU Jian, WANG Meiqin, WANG Chunwei Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (6): 1434-1445.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.068 Abstract （134）      PDF（pc） （2850KB）（2249）       Knowledge map    Save To reveal the inhibitory mechanism of isooctyl alcohol to Botrytis cinerea, the inhibition effect of isooctyl alcohol on B. cinerea was determined using two-sealed-base-plate method. Mycelial morphology treated with isooctyl alcohol was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of isooctyl alcohol on the extracellular conductivity and the ergosterol synthesis were measured. Response of B. cinerea to isooctyl alcohol was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The results showed that the inhibition rate of isooctyl alcohol to mycelia was 67.92%. After treatment with isooctyl alcohol, lots of mycelia were deformed and distorted with the increasing of membrane permeability. At 4, 5 and 6 days after isooctyl alcohol treatment, the ergosterol contents in cell membrane decreased to 44.35%, 38.82% and 42.43%, and the protein concentration decreased to 65.70%, 77.93% and 58.57%, respectively. A total of 577 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 312 up-regulated genes and 265 down-regulated genes, were obtained by RNA-Seq. Based on functional analysis of clusters of orthologous groups (COG), gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), DEGs involved in membrane integral components, ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, amino acid metabolism and ribosome biogenesis pathway were significantly down-regulated, indicating that isooctyl alcohol might affect ergosterol content, energy production and ribosome structure, and further play inhibit role in the growth of B. cinerea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in Biological Control of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) Based on Predatory Natural Enemy Resources LUO Taotao, YAN Shuyan, CAO Mengyu, ZHANG Jinghang, ZHANG Guifen, WAN Fanghao, ZHANG Ya, LI Tao, LIU Shuangqing, ZHANG Yibo Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2024, 40 (4): 727-738.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2024.02.039 Abstract （266）      PDF（pc） （432KB）（2178）       Knowledge map    Save Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a major invasive alien species worldwide, which mainly damages tomato crops by mining leaves and fruits. Since its invasion in Yili, Xinjiang in 2017, it has spread to many provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China, with outbreaks in some places, seriously threatening the healthy production of China's tomato industry. At present, biological control based on predatory natural enemies is one of the main measures for integrated management of T. absoluta. So far, few review papers have been published on the predatory natural enemy resources of tomato leaf miner. Therefore, this paper systematically sorted out the species of predatory natural enemies of T. absoluta worldwide, summarized the predatory ability of predatory natural enemies of tomato leaf miner, the life parameters of predatory natural enemies of T. absoluta, and the effects of chemical pesticides on the prevention and control of T. absoluta by predatory natural enemies. The existing problems and development direction of T. absoluta control by predatory natural enemies were analyzed in order to provide reference for the biological control of T. absoluta in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening of Biocontrol Streptomyces against Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon and Its Study on Control Mechanism TIAN Lin, CHEN Jing, WANG Yang Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 657-666.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.032 Abstract （201）      PDF（pc） （2505KB）（2153）       Knowledge map    Save In order to prevent and control watermelon Fusarium wilt safely and efficiently, in this study, seven Streptomyces with good antagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) were selected using plate confrontation method. The inhibitory effect of Streptomyces fermentation filtrate and bacterial crude extract on the growth of FON was investigated. Among these seven Streptomyces, Streptomyces tunisialbus YC2-17 and S. eurocidicus YC5-15 showed strong inhibitory effect on FON,with inhibitory rates of 56.21% and 54.72%. In addition, the plant growth-promoting experiments on watermelon seedlings were carried out. The results showed that the two Streptomyces had significant promoting effects on the growth of watermelon seedlings, and YC2-17 had better promoting effect. After YC2-17 treatment, the plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of watermelon seedlings increased by 52.54%, 27.65%, 109.57% and 100.00%. The result of the potted plant experiments demonstrated that the control effects of YC2-17 and YC5-15 fermentation solution on watermelon Fusarium wilt were 56.82% and 50.45%, respectively. The treatment of ethyl acetate phase crude extract of YC2-17 fermentation filtrate could inhibit the formation and germination of FON spores, change the morphology of spores and mycelium. After treatment, the external morphology of hyphae and spores was abnormal, the trunk were flat, and the contents were exuded. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening, Identification, Biological Characteristics of Yeast Strains and Their Antifungal Activities against Botrytis cinerea LAI Chengchun, LAI Gongti, CHEN Bingxing, Pan Ruo, Que Qiuxia, CHE Jianmei Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 594-606.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.025 Abstract （243）      PDF（pc） （4325KB）（2140）       Knowledge map    Save Two antagonistic strains G17515 and G31887 were screened out, which showed good biocontrol activities against Botrytis cinerea. The two yeast strains were identified as Starmerella bacillaris and Meyerozyma caribbica by morphological observation and phylogenetic tree analysis. The cultural conditions of G17515 and G31887 were as follows: 20 ℃—30 ℃ (optimum 30 ℃), pH 5—7 (optimum pH 6.0) and 0.1%—5% NaCl (optimum 0.1%). The results of in vitro culture showed that two antagonistic strains G17515 and G31887 could significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of B. cinerea, which inhibit rates were 80.86% and 69.05%, respectively. And the two strains also caused abnormalities in mycelium and spore morphology of B. cinerea. Furthermore, G17515 and G31887 could inhibit the expansion of B. cinerea on grape leaves and fruits. Their inhibitory efficiency on grape leaves reached 64.21% and 57.22%, respectively. And their biocontrol efficiency on grape fruits were 48.56% and 77.13%, respectively. In conclusion, S. bacillaris G17515 and M. caribbica G31887 showed inhibitory effects on B. cinerea, which is expected to be a strain resource for controlling gray mold disease on grapes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening, Identification and Determination of Antagonistic Actinomycetes Strain against Tea Anthracnose ZHANG Yudan, TAN Lin, REN Zuohua, YANG Yishuai, YANG Xueyu, HU Qiulong Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 646-656.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.031 Abstract （212）      PDF（pc） （2429KB）（2093）       Knowledge map    Save Tea anthracnose is an important foliar disease of tea plants, which seriously affects the yield and quality of tea when it occurs and brings economic losses to tea production. In order to obtain actinomycetes with good antagonistic effect against tea anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum camelliae, dilution coated plate method was used to isolate the actinomycetes from the rhizosphere soil of tea plantations, and strains with high antagonistic activity were screened using the plate confrontation method; their morphological characteristics, culture characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties and molecular biology were combined to identify their species. The growth inhibition of JS4-F against tea anthracnose was observed by scanning electron microscopy, the indoor control effect of its fermentation solution against tea anthracnose was determined by in vitro leaf method and pot experiment, and its antibacterial spectrum was determined by plate standoff method. The results showed that strain JS4-F with good antagonistic effect against tea anthracnose was isolated and screened, and it was initially identified as Streptomyces spp. based on its morphological characteristics and physiological and biochemical properties, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed by combining the sequencing results of 16SrRNA, gyrB,ropB, recA and trpB genes, and the strain JS4-F was identified as Streptomyces luteospore. The antagonistic effect of strain JS4-F against tea anthracnose reached 75.59%, and scanning electron microscopy showed that strain JS4-F could deform, wrinkle and intertwine the mycelium of tea anthracnose. The nitrogen source utilization test showed that strain JS4-F could utilize L-arginine, L-glycine, L-alanine, and L-tryptophan, could grow at 6% NaCl concentration and pH tolerance range was 5-12. The control effect of strain JS4-F fermentation broth was 52.54% on isolated leaves indoors, 39.94% after 10 times dilution and 30.56% after 100 times dilution. The pot control test showed that the control effect of strain JS4-F fermentation broth on tea anthracnose was 44.59%. The antagonistic effect of strain JS4-F on the other 8 plant pathogens is greater than 60%. In conclusion, strain JS4-F has a good potential for the control of tea anthracnose, and can provide reference resources and technical basis for the biological control of tea anthracnose. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening and Identification of Broad-Spectrum Antagonistic Trichoderma against Pathogenic Fungi for Apple and Its Field Control Effect in Orchard ZHAO Yunfu, QIAO Shuqin, WANG Haiyan, XU Haijun, ZHAO Lihua, WU Haibin, SUN Zhiqiang, WANG Jianing, LIANG Chen, b Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 567-574.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.019 Abstract （202）      PDF（pc） （1589KB）（2019）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen broad-spectrum fungal antagonist against apple pathogenic fungi for apple, two Trichoderma strains YTLY-13 and YTLY-36, which had obvious antagonistic effects against four common pathogenic fungi for apple, were isolated from orchards in a variety of places in Shandong Province via plate confrontation method and growth rate method. The results indicated that YTLY-13 and YTLY-36 were Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum respectively, based on their morphological characteristics and sequence homology of translation elongation factor 1 (TEF1)，which had obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogenic fungi, with the inhibition rate of 68.45%, among which the inhibition rate against Cytospora mandshurica was relatively high, reaching 73.92%. The results of field efficacy showed that the control effect of strain YTLY-36 against four fungal diseases of apple was significantly higher than that of strain YTLY-13, which was equivalent to the registered agent metiram and Bacillus subtilis, and had fast growth rate and simple fermentation, and YTLY-36 exhibited the good potential to be developed as a special broad-spectrum microbial fungicide for apple trees. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Behavioral Response of Nilaparvata Lugens to Rice Volatiles Induced by Chilo Suppressalis WANG Xiaolong, SU Shuangli, HU Xiaoyun, YIN Xinming, LI Yunhe Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (4): 970-977.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2022.11.012 Abstract （185）      PDF（pc） （595KB）（1974）       Knowledge map    Save Previous studies showed that the brown planthoppers (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, exhibited a strong preference to rice plants that had been infested by the rice striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis. In order to identify the rice volatiles that affect the host-searching behavior of BPH, we tested the responses of BPH to 15 key rice volatile compounds induced by SSB infestation using H-tube olfactometer. The results showed that the four compounds including β-caryophyllene, 2-nonanone, germacrene D and (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene were significantly attractive to BPH compared to the control (hexane). In contrast, the three compounds including methyl salicylate, 2-undecanone, and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene exhibited significant repellence to BPH. No effect on BPH behaviors were detected in 8 compounds, α-pinene, 2-tridecanone, (E)-2-heptenyl acetate, tridecanal, benzyl benzoate, isophorone, 2-pentadecanone, o-cymene, and isopropyl myristate. In summary, rice plants infested by SSB caterpillar release volatiles both attractive and repellent to BPH, and the preference of BPH to SSB-infested rice plants is caused by combined effects of multiple volatile compounds emitted by SSB-infested plants. These results provide a basis for the preparation of repellents or attractants for controlling the brown planthoppers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Screening and Biocontrol Characteristics of Endophytic Strains against Ginger Bacterial Wilt DANG Keke, PENG Junwei, SUN Yang, XIE Ziyu, DONG Yuanhua, LI Jiangang Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 585-593.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.030 Abstract （252）      PDF（pc） （616KB）（1925）       Knowledge map    Save Ginger bacterial wilt is a soil borne bacterial disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, which seriously restricts the development of ginger industry. In this study, endobacteria from ginger root were isolated, and 7 antagonistic bacteria were screened by co-culture with R. solanacearum. The antagonistic endobacteria were identified as Enterobacter arburiae and Pseudomonas indica, respectively. Antagonistic endobacteria exhibit a strong antagonistic activity against R. solanacearum, with their metabolites have an inhibitory rate of over 90% against R. solanacearum. In addition, antagonistic endobacteria also exhibit a strong iron competitive advantage, with the ferritin content in their metabolites significantly higher than that in R. solanacearum metabolites. Experiment showed that the antagonistic endobacteria could successfully colonize in ginger root, significantly reduced the density of R. solanacearum in ginger rhizosphere, and control the incidence of bacterial wilt from 90.10% to 21.43%, showing a good biological control effect. This study provided valuable microbial resources for biological control of ginger blast in southern red soil area in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Biological Activities of Seven Plant Essential Oils against Panonychus ulmi and GC-MS Analysis of Peppermint Essential Oil Components ZHANG Kun, WANG Kaile, ZHANG Pengjiu, LIU Zhongfang, YANG Jing, FAN Jianbin, ZHAO Jinyu, FAN Renjun, GAO Yue Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (5): 1133-1142.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.01.037 Abstract （163）      PDF（pc） （437KB）（1895）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen new and green plant-derived acaricides, seven plant essential oils were extracted by steam distillation. The contact killing, fumigation and repellent activities of the essential oils against Panonychus ulmi were determined by Potter spray method, fumigation method and medicine film method. The peppermint essential oil with strong biological activity was screened out, and the chemical components of the peppermint essential oil were identified and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the LC50 of the peppermint essential oil at 12, 24, and 48 h post spray were 2.13, 0.83, and 0.77 g/L, respectively. The LC50 at 12, 24, and 48 h post fumigation were 382.86, 73.89, and 16.08 μL/L, respectively. The results indicate that the essential oil has strong contact killing and fumigation activities against P. ulmi. Finally, at 24 h post repellent treatment, the peppermint essential oil repelled 77.82% of P. ulmi, which was at grade IV. The peppermint essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS, and a total of 34 chemical components were identified. The detected chemical components accounted for 99.67% of the total essential oil content. The main components were menthol (32.16%), limonene (16.44%), 4-isopropyltoluene (11.32%), 3-carene (10.27%), diethyl malonate (9.57%) and menthone (3.91%). These results show that the peppermint essential oil has strong biological activity against P. ulmi, which provides a scientific basis for the further development of plant-derived acaricides. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Suppression and Mechanism of Wuyiencin on Grape Gray Mold LI Boya, LU Yanxuan, XIE Jiabei, SHI Liming, ZHANG Kecheng, GE Beibei, RAN Longxian Chinese Journal of Biological Control    2023, 39 (3): 676-683.   DOI: 10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2023.02.028 Abstract （209）      PDF（pc） （1595KB）（1888）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the control effect and mechanism of wuyiencin on grape gray mold, experiments were carried out through inhibition of hyphal growth and conidial germination, determination of callose deposition, and control effect of gray mold on grape leaves and fruits. It was found that wuyiencin could inhibit the hyphal growth of Botrytis cinerea, and when the concentration reached 120 μg/mL, the inhibition effect on the hyphae was 94.3%. When the concentration reached 100 μg/mL, the inhibition rate of wuyiencin on spore germination of B. cinerea could reach 96.0%; When the concentration of wuyiencin reached 120 μg/mL, the control effect on gray mold of grape leaves and fruits were 87.5% and 96.6%, respectively. Wuyiencin could reduce the oxalic acid synthesis capacity of B. cinerea significantly, resulting in weakened pathogenicity, and thereby reducing the infection of B. cinerea to the grape tissue. Wuyiencin could increase the defense ability of grape tissue by inducing callose deposition in grape tissue, thus playing an important role in controlling gray mold. In conclusion, wuyiencin has a good control effect on grape gray mold and can be applied and promoted as a biological control agent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）